Anchoring of Formamidinium Lead Bromide Quantum Dots on Ti₃C₂ Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite with a suitable energy band structure and excellent visible-light response is a prospective photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. However, the reported inorganic halide perovskites have undesirable catalytic performances due to phase-sensitive and severe charge carrier recombination. Herein, we anchor the FAPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) on Ti3C2 nanosheets to form a FAPbBr3/Ti3C2 composite within a Schottky heterojunction for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Upon visible-light illumination, the FAPbBr3/Ti3C2 composite photocatalyst exhibits an appealing photocatalytic performance in the presence of deionized water. The Ti3C2 nanosheet acts as an electron acceptor to promote the rapid separation of excitons and supply specific catalytic sites. An optimal electron consumption rate of 717.18 μmol/g·h is obtained by the FAPbBr3/0.2-Ti3C2 composite, which has a 2.08-fold improvement over the pristine FAPbBr3 QDs (343.90 μmol/g·h). Meanwhile, the FAPbBr3/Ti3C2 photocatalyst also displays a superior stability during photocatalytic reaction. This work expands a new insight and platform for designing superb perovskite/MXene-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.

MXene-Based Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts for CO2 Conversion to Chemicals

“…Higher electrical conductivity was also found in the low addition of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, compared to the addition of other 2D nanomaterials, such as MoS 2 , which contributed to higher catalytic activity [54]. Several reports have also shown the combination of MXenes with other photocatalyst materials, such as g-C 3 N 4 [53], perovskite materials (Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 , FAPbBr 3 , CsPbBr 3 , and Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 ) [56][57][58][59], layered double hydroxides (NiAl, Co-Co, and Co 2 Al 0.95 La 0.05 ) [60][61][62], Bi-based photocatalysts (BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I), Bi 2 XO 6 (X = W, Mo), and hybrid Bi 2 O 2 SiO 3 ) [50,63,64], and metal oxides and metal sulfides (TiO 2 , CeO 2 , InVO 4 , CdS, Cd 0.2 Zn 0.8 S, and ZnIn 2 S 4 ) [9,49,53,[65][66][67][68][69].…”

“…In this case, 0D Ti 3 C 2, as well as the trapped electrons from g-C 3 N 4, could induce photogenerated carrier separation [53]. Conversely, most semiconductor photocatalysts that can be formed in various low-dimensional forms, such as perovskite formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr 3 ) quantum dots, can also be combined with 2D layered MXenes to form a hybrid 0D/2D architecture [57]. Some rare design of hydrangealike morphology of InVO 4 /Ti 3 C 2 T x has also been reported, exhibiting excellent photocatalyst activity due to enhanced specific surface areas and a multiple photon scattering cross section [67].…”

Solar fuels: research and development strategies to accelerate photocatalytic CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels

“…385 Similarly, improved catalytic activity was reported upon Schottky heterojunction formation between FAPbBr 3 and Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets. 371 The excellent metallic conductivity and high surface area of Ti 3 C 2 were beneficial for improving the optoelectronic properties of the catalyst. Briefly, FAPbBr 3 QDs were grown in the presence of Ti 3 C 2 using the hot injection method (Fig.…”

Monochromatic light-enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction based on exciton properties of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites

“…39 Many factors influence the results of the photoinduced reduction of CO 2 , of which the photocatalyst, the reaction medium, the light source and the design of the photocatalytic reaction system are the most important. 40 Considerable effort for decades has been devoted to investigating the performance of CO 2 conversion by photocatalysts, and several strategies have been reported to strengthen the advantages of 2D materials and improve CO 2 conversion, including elemental doping, 8,41 heterojunction construction, 6,7,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] molecule self-assembly, 50 surface modification, [51][52][53][54] nanostrucutralization, 2,16 and dimensionality reduction. 17,20,38,55,56 Although many studies have focused on structure or material modification, very few studies have been carried out on the selection of the appropriate reaction solvent or light source.…”