The interest in CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels has increased in recent years as part of strategic efforts to mitigate and use the excessive CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Much attention has been given to developing two-dimensional catalytic materials with high-efficiency CO2 adsorption capability and conversion yield. While several candidates are being investigated, MXenes stand out as one of the most promising catalysts and co-catalysts for CO2 reduction, given their excellent surface functionalities, unique layered structures, high surface areas, rich active sites, and high chemical stability. This review aims to highlight research progress and recent developments in the application of MXene-based catalysts for CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals, paying special attention to photoreduction and electroreduction. Furthermore, the underlying photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 conversion mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook for future research in this field, including photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal CO2 reduction.
Copper chalcogenides (CuCh) have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential as environmental-friendly photoactive material for lightweight and flexible thin-film solar cells. Further, CuCh can be fabricated from simple...
The size effect of the ZrO 2 support on the catalytic activity for the liquid-phase oxidation of phenol was demonstrated over Pt/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 -X catalysts. Here, we selected six types of size-controlled ZrO 2 -X (X: A-F) (ZrO 2 -A: 35 nm, ZrO 2 -B: 22 nm, ZrO 2 -C: 14 nm, ZrO 2 -D: 11 nm, ZrO 2 -E: 9 nm, and ZrO 2 -F: 2 nm). The surface area of the ZrO 2 -X support was inversely proportional to the particle size of ZrO 2 . ZrO 2 -X (X: A-E) were crystalline phases, while ZrO 2 -F was amorphous phase. For Pt/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 -X (X: A-E) catalysts, the smaller particle size of the crystalline ZrO 2 (X: A-E) support resulted in a larger catalyst surface area, which in turn led to enhanced oxygen release and storage abilities of the CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 promoter, and allowed for the oxidation of Pt 0 to Pt 2+ with high activity. The highest activity was obtained for the Pt/CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -Bi 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 -E catalyst, which had the largest surface area and the highest oxygen release and storage abilities; phenol was completely removed after a reaction time of 10 h at 80°C under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa).
Catalytic liquid-phase oxidation using a catalyst and oxygen gas (Catalytic wet air oxidation, CWAO) is one of the most promising technology to remove hazardous organic compounds in wastewater. Up to now, various heterogeneous catalysts have been reported for phenolic compounds decomposition. The CeO2-ZrO2 based catalysts have been recently studied, because CeO2-ZrO2 works as a promoter which supplies active oxygen species from inside the lattice to the active sites. Since it is difficult to dissolve oxygen gas into water, the use of the promoter is effective for realizing the high catalytic activity at moderate conditions. Also, CeO2-ZrO2 shows high resistance for the metal leaching during the catalytic reaction in the liquid-phase. This article reviews the studies of the catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of phenolic compounds using CeO2-ZrO2 based catalysts.
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