Anatomical Variation in Branching Pattern of Brachial Plexus and Its Clinical Significance

Khan, Gulam Anwer; Yadav, Shekhar Kumar; Gautam, Ajeevan; Shakya, Shrijana; Chetri, R

doi:10.16965/ijar.2016.459

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Недостаточно изучены варианты строения всех элементов плечевого сплетения одновременно на макроскопическом и макро-микроскопическом уровнях. Отсутствие этих сведений затрудняет полное и целостное представление о каждом варианте плечевого сплетения [23][24][25].…”

Section: актуальностьunclassified

Variant anatomy and codes of the human brachial plexus

et al. 2023

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Background. Understanding the complexities of formation and structural features of the brachial plexus remains important for diagnosis, effective surgical treatment and regional anesthesia. Aim. To identify variants of the brachial plexus structure and develop a system for their coding. Material and methods. Macroscopic anatomical layer-by-layer and macro-microscopic intratubular dissection of 121 brachial plexus preparations were performed in 105 cadavers of men and women aged 40100 years. A database was formed from the obtained indicators in the MS Excel 2012 program, and their processing was carried out using Statistica for Windows 12. All indicators were tested for the normal distribution using the ShapiroWilco criterion. When describing the studied indicators, the median (Me) and interquartile intervals [Q1, Q3] were determined, as well as the significance of intergroup differences according to the MannWhitney test. Results. It was established that the farther from the spinal cord, the more variants of the macroscopic and macro-microscopic structure of the brachial plexus elements exist: roots 3, trunks 7, divisions 3, bundles 1216, and a total of 20 variants of the general structure were identified. The roots of spinal nerves C6 (66.1%), C7 (66.4%) and C8 (64.2%) take the greatest part in the formation of brachial plexus bundles, 2 times less often C5 (34.8%) and Th1 (33.3%), very rarely C4 (2.5%) and Th2 (0.8%). Reverse coding of variants of the brachial plexus structure in the direction: bundle division trunk (root) allows to briefly and clearly display the entire morphological diversity of the nervous system of the human upper limb. The results obtained should be taken into account when diagnosing injuries, performing regional anesthesia, reconstructive operations, rehabilitation measures, creating neurosimulators, neurochips, and nerve conductors. Conclusion. 20 different variants of the general structure of the human brachial plexus have been identified and a reverse coding system has been developed.

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Section: актуальностьunclassified

Variant anatomy and codes of the human brachial plexus

et al. 2023

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A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part III – Branching of the infraclavicular part

Beneš

Kachlík

Belbl

et al. 2022

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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Clinically Relevant Anatomical Variations in the Brachial Plexus

Patel

Smith

2023

Diagnostics

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Anatomical variation in the brachial plexus may result in a variety of clinically relevant patterns, including various neuralgias of the upper extremity and differing nerve territories. Some conditions can be debilitating in symptomatic patients, resulting in paresthesia, anesthesia, or weakness of the upper extremity. Others may simply result in cutaneous nerve territories that deviate from a traditional dermatome map. This study evaluated the frequency and anatomical presentations of a large number of clinically relevant brachial plexus nerve variations in a sample of human body donors. We identified a high frequency of various branching variants, of which clinicians, especially surgeons, should be aware. The medial pectoral nerves in 30% of the sample were found to originate from either the lateral cord, or both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus rather than exclusively from the medial cord. The dual cord innervation pattern greatly increases the number of spinal cord levels traditionally believed to innervate the pectoralis minor muscle. The thoracodorsal nerve arose as a branch of the axillary nerve 17% of the time. The musculocutaneous nerve sent branches to the median nerve in 5% of specimens. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve shared a common trunk with the medial brachial cutaneous nerve in 5% of individuals and derived from the ulnar nerve in 3% of specimens.

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Anatomical Variation in Branching Pattern of Brachial Plexus and Its Clinical Significance

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Variant anatomy and codes of the human brachial plexus

Variant anatomy and codes of the human brachial plexus

A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part III – Branching of the infraclavicular part

Clinically Relevant Anatomical Variations in the Brachial Plexus

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