Anatomia comparada da folha e espata de espécies de Anthurium (Araceae) ocorrentes na Mata Atlântica

Abstract

-(Comparative anatomy of leaf and spathe of Anthurium (Araceae) species from the Atlantic Rain Forest). Leaf and spathe anatomy of nine species of the genus Anthurium (sections Urospadix and Leptanthurium) were analyzed. Plant material was collected from different locations in Brazil and cultivated under identical conditions in the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of leaf and spathe anatomy for taxonomic purposes. Leaves presented smooth and striated cuticle, epidermal cells randomly disposed, raised and non-raised stomata, epidermal glands, periclinal divisions of epidermal cells, raphides, druses, carotene and diosmin crystals, palisade parenchyma on the adaxial surface of the midrib and sclerenchymatic fibre sheath in the bundle. The spathes also presented smooth and striated cuticle, epidermal cells in parallel rows, raised and non-raised stomata, epidermal glands, raphides, druses and flavonoidic crystals, uniform mesophyll, and presence of sclerenchyma as fibre caps associated to the vascular bundles. The Anthurium species have differences between leaves and spathes based on anatomical characters, but clustering analysis did not separate the species from different sections. Results indicate that spathe can give a better resolution than leaves for segregation of species groups in Anthurium.Key words -Leptanthurium, taxonomy, Urospadix RESUMO -(Anatomia comparada da folha e espata de espécies de Anthurium (Araceae) ocorrentes na Mata Atlântica). São apresentados dados relativos à anatomia da lâmina foliar e espata de nove espécies do gênero Anthurium (seções Urospadix e Leptanthurium). Os indivíduos foram coletados em diversas partes do Brasil e aclimatados no Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características anatômicas da lâmina foliar e da espata, detectando caracteres que sejam potenciais para subsidiar e contribuir aos estudos taxonômicos do gênero Anthurium. Observa-se nas folhas a presença tanto de cutícula lisa quanto estriada, células epidérmicas dispostas ao acaso, estômatos no mesmo nível das demais células da epiderme ou elevados, glândulas epidérmicas e divisões periclinais em células epidérmicas, além de ráfides, drusas, cristais de caroteno e diosmina, parênquima paliçádico na face adaxial da nervura central e bainha de fibras esclerenquimáticas nos feixes. Quanto à espata observa-se cutícula lisa e estriada, células epidérmicas ordenadas de forma paralela, estômatos no mesmo nível das demais células da epiderme ou elevados, glândulas epidérmicas, ráfides, drusas e cristais de natureza flavonoídica; o mesofilo é uniforme, apresentando apenas calotas de fibras associadas aos feixes vasculares, quando não ausentes. As espécies de Anthurium avaliadas mostraram-se distintas quanto à anatomia de folha e espata, mas as análises de agrupamento não permitiram separar espécies de acordo com a respectiva seção. Os resultados indicam ser a espata a estrut...

Grouping of anthurium genotypes based on genetic and morpho-anatomical features

“…All Anthurium genotypes s studied in this work showed leaf epidermal cells with straight or wavy walls, corroborating the results obtained by Keating (2002) and Mantovani et al (2010). The epidermal cells in the leaves are short and have a random distribution.…”

“…Similar results were reported by Mantovani et al (2010), who observed that the unornamented cuticle is a frequent feature in the Araceae family.…”

“…However, in Anthurium, the cells have independent features and the crystals can occur in the leaf blade, petiole, stem, and root while rhapides are found in all organs. For the genotypes studied in this work, drusen were found only in the main nerve, leaf blade and below the epidermis, which was also observed by Mantovani et al (2010). Keating (2003) that the shape of the main nerve is variable.…”

“…The epidermal cells in the leaves are short and have a random distribution. Mantovani et al (2010) also observed this in a study with nine genotypes of Anthurium. There was, however, an exception as A. bomplandii showed more elongated cells, an important feature to differentiate it from other genotypes.…”

“…Using cluster analysis of anatomical features of the leaf and spathe, Mantovani et al (2010) reinforced the importance of clustering in the diagnosis of genotypes belonging to Anthurium.…”