Analysis of Explosives and Explosive Residues. Part 1: Chemical Tests

Parker, Robert G.; Stephenson, M; McOwen, John M.; Cherolis, J

doi:10.1520/jfs10249j

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, there is a strong preference for those analytical methods which can provide rapid results and which can also be employed in the field. Some of the analytical methods used for the analysis of inorganic explosives include ion chromatography (IC) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [4,9], mass spectrometry [7], Xray powder diffraction [10] and various spot tests [11][12][13]. Of these, CE and IC show most promise because of their sensitivity and separation selectivity, as well as their potential to be used in portable or field-deployable formats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of homemade inorganic explosives by ion chromatographic analysis of post-blast residues

Johns

Shellie

Potter

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of homemade inorganic explosives by ion chromatographic analysis of post-blast residues

Johns

Shellie

Potter

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…They placed a sample in a spot plate and added a specific reagent to confirm the presence of nitrates, potassium, or sulfur in the sample. The reagent addition to the sample produced characteristic colors that indicated black powder in the sample …”

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confidence: 99%

“…The reagent addition to the sample produced characteristic colors that indicated black powder in the sample. 6 Beveridge et al built upon the earlier work of Hoffman and Byall by creating a detection scheme for black powder and other explosives. The authors visually inspected debris from exploded pipe bombs and collected residue of the suspected explosives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Black Powder by Ion Mobility−Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2009

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Ion mobility-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IM-TOFMS) was used to identify and correlate response ions associated with three black powder samples by mass and mobility. Vapors produced by thermal desorption of the black powders were ionized by a (63)Ni source; subsequent response ions were separated and identified using IM-TOFMS. The same response ions were found for each black powder regardless of geographic origin. The most intense mass and mobility peaks were attributed to ionic forms of sulfur allotropes ((32)S(n)(-), where n = 1-5). Vapor samples from GOEX black powder were also analyzed by two stand-alone ion mobility spectrometry systems, yielding an average reduced mobility value (K(o)) of 2.28 +/- 0.02 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for black powder across all three instruments.

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“…For example, dogs have been trained for chemical detection of explosives as well as supplements for instrumental detection . Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was one of the first techniques applied to explosive analysis , and is still used today. Gas chromatography (GC) is usually coupled with chemiluminescence, , mass spectrometric, electron capture, , or flame ionization detection .…”

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confidence: 99%

Composition of Explosives by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Hendrickson

Rodgers

et al. 2002

Anal. Chem.

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Commercial explosives are complex mixtures that contain not only the active explosive agent(s) but also a host of other organic and inorganic compounds. The ultrahigh mass resolving power (m/delta m50% >200,000) and mass accuracy (<1 ppm) of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FTICR) mass spectrometry allow for definitive identification of various species in TNT, RDX, and HMX. We are thereby able to correct prior misassignments of the elemental compositions of the most abundant negative ions from electrospray of RDX and HMX. Although the (known) active agents of many explosives may be identified by low-resolution MS or MS/MS, it is the other characteristic components (indigenous or artificial additives) whose presence and elemental composition can potentially identify the source of the product. ESI FTICR mass spectrometry of smokeless powder, TNT, and Powermite resolves and identifies numerous nonactive ingredients, many of which are recovered in a postblast residue. In contrast, the residue recovered from an explosion of military C4 yielded several species derived from RDX but virtually none from other ingredients.

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Analysis of Explosives and Explosive Residues. Part 1: Chemical Tests

Abstract: Since the amount of physical evidence associated with a bombing is usually vast, the examination of these samples necessitates the use of quick, reliable screening tests to isolate the few productive evidence samples that may be present.

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Identification of homemade inorganic explosives by ion chromatographic analysis of post-blast residues

Identification of homemade inorganic explosives by ion chromatographic analysis of post-blast residues

Analysis of Black Powder by Ion Mobility−Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Composition of Explosives by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

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