Analisis Produksi dan Efisiensi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah di Provinsi Bali

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The integrated crop management approach on rice is aimed to increase the productivity on fields with the constraint of limited land area. This present research was aimed to analyze the impact of the implementation of integrated crop management to grain yield and its efficiency on the lowland farming. The study was conducted in three districtsABSTRAK. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah dengan kendala keterbatasan luas lahan adalah melalui pendekatan pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan inovasi PTT terhadap produksi, efisiensi, dan sumber-sumber inefisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kabupaten sentra produksi padi sawah di Provinsi Bali, yakni Tabanan, Buleleng, dan Gianyar, dengan melibatkan 216 responden, selama dua musim tanam. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak berstrata. Data dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stokastik frontier dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan produksi padi sawah dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, jumlah benih, pupuk N, pupuk organik, pestisida, tenaga kerja, dan umur bibit. Produktivitas padi sawah lebih tinggi pada musim kemarau, dengan sistem tanam legowo, pengairan berselang, dengan menerapkan PHT dan menggunakan varietas selain IR64. Secara teknis, baik petani alumni SL-PTT maupun bukan alumni SL-PTT, telah efisien dengan efisiensi lebih dari 70%, namun hanya petani alumni SL-PTT yang secara alokatif efisien dan secara ekonomi tidak ada yang efisien. Faktor sosial ekonomi petani yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap inefisiensi teknis adalah umur, pendidikan, pengalaman usahatani, dan jumlah persil. Inefisiensi teknis padi sawah lebih rendah pada lahan milik petani alumni SL-PTT.Kata kunci: Padi sawah, pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, produktivitas, efisiensi. PENDAHULUANProduksi padi di Provinsi Bali dewasa ini tidak lagi mengalami peningkatan yang berarti. Kalau pun terjadi peningkatan produksi, keuntungan yang diperoleh petani relatif tidak meningkat karena makin tingginya biaya produksi. Selain itu, sebagian besar petani tidak memiliki lahan yang cukup luas untuk berproduksi sehingga keuntungan yang mereka peroleh dari usahatani padi relatif kecil. Hingga saat ini lahan sawah irigasi tetap menjadi tumpuan produksi padi. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan penduduk yang terus bertambah, peningkatan produksi padi diupayakan melalui program intensifikasi. Laju peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas padi sawah di Provinsi Bali selama periode 2008-2012 cenderung turun masing-masing -0,61% dan -0,11% dengan rata-rata produksi 862.451 ton dan produktivitas 5,76 t/ha (BPS Provinsi Bali 2013). Pelandaian produksi padi yang terjadi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir diduga disebabkan antara lain oleh degradasi lahan sawah, sementara program intensifikasi padi relatif tidak mengalami perbaikan. Penanaman varietas unggul baru (VUB) padi yang memerlukan pemberian pupuk dan

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