Analisis Pola Konsumsi Pangan di Sumatera Selatan 2013: Pendekatan Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System

Abstract

Study on the household food consumption pattern, especially at provincial level, is very interesting in order to offer accurate information regarding the household response to changes in food prices. This study aims to analyze food consumption pattern in South Sumatra using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) based on Susenas household survey data in 2013. All food groups have positive income elasticity and negative price elasticity consistent with the theory of demand, but expenditure elasticities are higher than price elasticities. As a staple food, rice has relatively low expenditure and price elasticities in which rising household income and rising rice price do not affect much rice consumption. Most food commodity groups have uncompensated price elasticity close to 1, namely 0.9 to 1.1. The high price elasticities are found on fruit commodity group mainly affected by seasonal factors. The policy aimed to increase household income is more important than that to maintain price stability for adjusting consumption pattern. The government has challenging responsibility due to slow food diversification. Keywords: food consumption pattern, QUAIDS, South Sumatra ABSTRAKPola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga apalagi sampai level provinsi sangat menarik dikaji untuk memberikan informasi yang tepat mengenai respon rumah tangga terhadap perubahan harga pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan di Sumatera Selatan menggunakan quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) dengan data hasil survei rumah tangga Susenas tahun 2013. Semua kelompok pangan memiliki elastisitas pendapatan yang positif dan elastistas harga yang negatif, konsisten dengan teori permintaan, namun elastisitas pengeluaran lebih tinggi dibandingkan elastisitas harga. Sebagai komoditas pangan utama, beras memiliki elastisitas pengeluaran dan elastisitas harga yang rendah di mana kenaikan pendapatan dan kenaikan harga tidak banyak memengaruhi konsumsi beras. Sebagian besar kelompok komoditas pangan memiliki elastisitas harga tidak terkompensasi yang mendekati 1, yaitu antara 0,9 dan 1,1. Elastisitas harga yang tinggi terdapat pada kelompok komoditas buah-buahan terutama karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor musiman. Dengan demikian, kebijakan meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga lebih penting dibandingkan kebijakan menjaga stabilitas harga untuk mengarahkan pola konsumsi masyarakat. Pemerintah memiliki tugas yang berat karena proses diversifikasi konsumsi pangan berjalan sangat lambat. Kata kunci: pola konsumsi pangan, QUAIDS, Sumatera Selatan PENDAHULUANKetersediaan pangan masih merupakan permasalahan penting yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah dalam upayanya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Jumlah penduduk yang cukup besar dan cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan kebutuhan pangan terus meningkat. Selain itu, pangsa konsumsi pangan cukup tinggi sehingga pangan masih mendominasi alokasi anggaran belanja rumah tangga. Harga pangan yang berfluktuasi dan cenderung meningkat dari waktu ke waktu juga mengur...

Food consumption patterns in dense coastal settlements of Kendari City, Indonesia

“…So, if there is a change in price, it will not have much effect on spending on these commodities. The results of this study are in accordance with research conducted by Faharuddin, Mulyana A, Yamin M, and Yunita (2015) found that rice and other sources of carbohydrates are commodities that are needed and almost cannot be left out for their daily consumption [20]. Haque M O (2005) stated that as a commodity which is a basic need, households cannot reduce demand for these commodities even though they experience a decrease in income [29].…”

“…As a staple food consumed by most people, the price changes that occur in rice and side dishes do not have a major influence on the demand for rice and side dishes themselves. The results of this study are in accordance with the results of research conducted by Faharuddin, Mulyana A, Yamin M, and Yunita (2015), with a value less than 0.7 and Heriyanto (2016) with elasticity 0.8 [20] [24].…”

“…Faharuddin, Mulyana A, Yamin M, and Yunita (2015) stated that this is because rice is the staple food of Indonesian society. Nonetheless, there is an interesting phenomenon that the level of rice consumption in rural areas is higher than in urban areas [20]. Several demographic variables that have a significant effect in this study are in line with research conducted by Capps O Jr, Schmitz J D (1991) who examined the relationship between health and nutritional factors in the analysis of food demand, that consumer demand is not only influenced by price and income variables, but also other variables [21].…”

The Socio-Economic Variables Influencing Household Consumption in the Rural Farmers Level

“…The current study by investigating household responses to rising food prices will guide the government to implement appropriate food price policies, provide information on trends in changes in food consumption over time and provide guidance for developing food diversification in the future. At present, studies in analyzing household consumption patterns of food and non-food are still interesting to study, such as studies conducted by Faharuddin et al (2015) has found that all food groups had positive income elasticity and negative price elasticity, consistent with the demand theory, but expenditure elasticity was higher than price elasticity. Meanwhile, rice food groups have low expenditure elasticity and price elasticity where income increases and price increases insignificantly affect rice consumption.…”

The pattern of poor household food consumption: The case of West Java Province

“…Food availability is one of the government's most prominent issues, with the increasing population causing high food demand. In addition, the large share of food expenditure in household expenditure and fluctuating food prices decrease the population's purchasing power, especially the poor ( Faharuddin & Yunita, 2015). One indicator of household welfare is income and expenditure, while a shift in expenditure can indicate changes in welfare.…”