Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Produksi Nanas: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Low productivity of pineapples in West Java Province is mainly due to the unfavorable climate and farmers' inability to adopt the technology fully. Objectives of the study were to analyze of technical efficiency and to examine the determinants of inefficiency by estimating land productivity, ratio of pineapple farm income to labor cost, R/C ratio, age, experience, education, total farmers' household members, membership of farmers' group, and intercropping practice. The study used data collected through a survey from 140 rural households in Subang Regency, West Java Province. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results showed that pineapple production of farmers are technically inefficient with the mean technical efficiency level of 55.2 percent for CRS-DEA, 78.8 percent for VRS-DEA, and 70.4 percent for SE-DEA, respectively. Land productivity, R/C ratio, and farmers' group membership influenced negatively and significantly on inefficiencies. Intercropping practice affected significantly the technical inefficiency of pineapple production. The findings suggested that improving pineapple production is possible by applying monoculture cultivation and supporting farmers' group activities. Fully applied good agricultural practice (GAP) will enhance land productivity and R/C ratio. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), technical efficiency, Tobit regression analysis ABSTRAKRendahnya produktivitas produksi nanas di Provinsi Jawa Barat umumnya disebabkan faktor iklim dan ketidakmampuan petani untuk menggunakan teknologi seutuhnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis dan untuk menguji faktor yang menentukan inefisiensi teknis dengan mengestimasi produktivitas lahan, rasio pendapatan nanas terhadap biaya tenaga kerja, rasio R/C, umur, pengalaman, pendidikan, jumlah anggota keluarga, anggota kelompok tani, dan pola tanam tumpangsari. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang didapatkan dari survei 140 rumah tangga petani di Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) menunjukkan bahwa petani tidak efisien secara teknis dalam produksi nanas dengan rata-rata tingkat efisiensi teknis masing-masing sebesar 55,2 persen untuk model CRS-DEA, 78,8 persen untuk model VRS-DEA dan 70,4 persen untuk model SE-DEA. Model regresi Tobit dalam menghitung faktor yang menentukan inefisiensi teknis mengungkapkan bahwa produktivitas lahan, rasio R/C, dan keanggotaan kelompok tani memiliki pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan, sedangkan aplikasi pola tanam tumpangsari berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada inefisiensi teknis produksi nanas. Temuan ini menyarankan produksi nanas di lokasi penelitian akan meningkat secara signifikan dengan mengaplikasikan pola tanam monokultur, mendukung kegiatan kelompok tani, serta meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan rasio R/C dengan mengaplikasikan GAP sepenuhnya.

Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (Dea) on the Technical Efficiency of Organic Swamp Cabbage Farming at Mutiara Farm, Pagelaran Village, Pagelaran Sub-District, Malang Regency, East Java

“…Total efficient farmers are 10 people with an age range of 22-50 years. These results are in line with the results of the research by Binam (2005) and Lubis (2014) which state that with the increase in the age of the farmer the ability to work, fighting power, the desire to take risks and the desire to implement new innovations are also diminishing. Younger farmers will find it easier to receive information and understand new farming practices, which will increase the level of technical efficiency.…”

“…Several studies in Lubis (2014) state that farmers' knowledge of cultivation increases in line with farming experience. The longer the experience, the more skilled the farmer is in managing farming, having better technology knowledge and adoption skills, having wider networking so that he has the opportunity to obtain information more quickly and also applying the technological information he receives by participating in several extension activities and training.…”

Efficiency of Arabica Coffee Processing Unit in Ngada Regency

“…This phonomenon is presumably because the management and members of the processing unit have not carried out the right combination of inputs in the processing of Hs wet coffee. Inefficient conditions mean that by using input in a fixed amount of production and technology, the output can increase or with the same output, at least one production input is used less (Lubis et al, 2014). Inefficient processing units can still increase output by paying more attention to input use.…”

“…In the DEA analysis, in addition to knowing whether a unit or DMU is efficient or not can also be seen on how an inefficient DMU achieves efficiency. (Lubis et al, 2014;Oktari et al, 2017).…”

Tinjauan Teoritis dan Empiris Efisiensi, Risiko, dan Perilaku Risiko Usaha Tani serta Implikasinya dalam Upaya Pencapaian Swasembada Pangan

“…Penelitian Lubis et al (2014) tentang efisiensi teknis produksi nanas di Subang Jawa Barat menemukan bahwa rata-rata petani nanas tidak efisien secara teknis dengan nilai 0,552 berdasarkan analisis CRS-DEA, 0,788 dengan model VRS-DEA dan 0,704 untuk model SE-DEA. Aplikasi pola tanam tumpang sari berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada inefisiensi teknis produksi nanas.…”