Análise da associação entre índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala entre 13 e 16 meses

Abstract

OBJETIVOS: investigar a associação entre presença de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala de crianças na faixa de 13 a 16 meses de idade e analisar o valor preditivo dos índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil em relação à aquisição inicial da linguagem. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída de 52 díades mães-bebês, seguidas em estudo de coorte de zero aos 18 meses, por meio dos Índices de risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e avaliadas quanto à produção de fala entre 13 e 16 meses por meio de lembranças espontâneas das mães e da observação do comportamento infantil. Os dados foram organizados em categorias e lançados para a análise estatística no aplicativo computacional STATISTICA 9.0. RESULTADOS: a aquisição da linguagem inicial, medida pelo número de palavras faladas pelo bebê, difere de modo significante na presença de riscos ao desenvolvimento na primeira fase (0 - 4 meses) e considerando bebês que apresentaram risco em alguma das quatro fases (0 - 18 meses), visto que bebês com risco apresentam número de produção de vocábulos estatisticamente inferior em relação aos sem risco. CONCLUSÃO: pela análise dos resultados a pesquisa demonstrou associação estatística entre risco ao desenvolvimento infantil e produção inicial de fala. Quanto maior o risco menor a produção de fala.

Análise comparativa das vocalizações iniciais de bebês prematuros e a termo, com e sem risco ao desenvolvimento

“…On the contrary, the number of vocalizations presented difference in the comparison between the groups of infants with and without psychic risk (Table 2). A study (15) demonstrated high correlation between the presence of risk in the IRDIs between 0 and 4 months of age and smaller speech production between 13 and 16 months age, which was confirmed in this study with respect to vocalizations, since risk-free infants presented a larger number of vocalizations compared with that of infants at risk for language development. Therefore, the larger the total number of IRDIs present, the larger the total number of infants' vocalizations in Phase 1, which is directly associated with the observed results, the larger the number of total IRDIs present, the larger the total number of mothers' vocalizations in this phase (Table 3).…”

“…This result was also observed in another study (15) , in which no correlation was found between language development between 13 and 16 months and the IRDIs of Phase 2. This may have occurred due to advancement in the language skills of infants in Phase 2, as predicted by several studies (6)(7)(8) .…”

“…Therefore, the reflection that emerges from the results of this study is that the age range of 0 to 4 months of the IRDIs, which was significantly correlated with the larger number of infants' vocalizations / the larger the number of IRDIs present, as well as with the larger number of mothers' vocalizations, especially using motherese, is one of the phases in which the characteristics of the infants' dependence on the relationship with the other person, especially in the dialogue, are observed. Indicators are clues enacted by and in the infant that can suggest events, and these clues are considered in the subjectivity of the mother-infant dyad, thus they seem to demonstrate predictive elements for language acquisition, as observed in recent studies (15)(16)(17) . Therefore, it is possible to observe that flaws in these indicators could lead to language functioning failure.…”

“…Importance of the early relationships in the context of child development is evident; therefore, the monitoring of infants and their parents is essential for early risk detection. Application of Child Development Risk Indicators (IRDI) (Annex A) (13) allows Speech-language Pathologists to detect and differentiate psychic risk from developmental risk, and the risk for language acquisition is one of the developmental aspects assessed by IRDIs (15)(16)(17) . Such studies have demonstrated the importance of intervention, in a timely manner, in cases of risk for language acquisition (15)(16)(17) .…”

“…Application of Child Development Risk Indicators (IRDI) (Annex A) (13) allows Speech-language Pathologists to detect and differentiate psychic risk from developmental risk, and the risk for language acquisition is one of the developmental aspects assessed by IRDIs (15)(16)(17) . Such studies have demonstrated the importance of intervention, in a timely manner, in cases of risk for language acquisition (15)(16)(17) . In this context, the objectives of this article are to compare the evolution of vocalization in preterm and full-term infants, with and without risk for language development, in the first year of life in two chronological phases; analyze possible correlations between infants' vocalization and maternal language productions with and without the use of motherese; and investigate the possible association of sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial variables with vocalization.…”