An Investigation of the Nature of Non-Directive Psychotherapy

Dimensions of the counseling process

“…However, it also has implication for research and evaluation in counseling. Rogers' students, particularly Porter (3,4) , Snyder (8) , and Raimy (5) , have made excellent contributions to the methodology of analyzing interview procedures, but their results have lacked generalization because they were predicated upon the assumption of one continuum in counseling methods. For example, there is no allowance for study of effects of interpretive or intellectual responses which vary in responsibility or which vary in context of greater or less attention to expression of attitudes versus content.…”

De gewetensfunctie en de innerlijke criticus in het oeuvre van Rogers

“…De verschillende onderzoekingen bevestigen de evolutie van de innerlijke criticus die uit Rogers' theorie van de persoonlijkheidsverandering kon worden gedistilleerd: gaandeweg ontwikkelt de clie¨nt een positievere zelfattitude (Seeman, 1949;Snyder, 1945), wat niet het geval blijkt in de zogenaamde 'onsuccesvolle therapiee¨n' (Raimy, 1948). Ook is er een duidelijke en gestage toename van de zelfaanvaarding en het zelfrespect in de loop van het therapeutisch proces (Sheerer, 1949); dit laat tevens zijn sporen na op het interpersoonlijke vlak: clie¨nten met een negatief zelfwaardegevoel koesteren doorgaans negatieve gevoelens voor anderen, terwijl bij clie¨nten wiens zelfconcept in positieve zin is gewijzigd, ook hun gevoelens voor anderen in dezelfde richting zijn gee¨volueerd (Stock, 1949).…”

Client-centered therapy: Where has it been and where is it going? A comment on Hathaway (1948)

“…As a result, very little was known about the process or outcome of therapy. Some of the first studies of the process of psychotherapy were done by Rogers and his colleagues (e.g., Porter, 1943;Snyder, 1945) and were made possible by the development of audiorecording capacities in the 1940s. Eysenck did not come out with his major challenge of the efficacy of psychotherapy until 1952, at which point many researchers were spurred on to prove the efficacy of psychotherapy.…”

“…Several early researchers working with Rogers developed category systems for coding therapist responses (Porter, 1943;Snyder, 1945). Subsequent research using similar category systems has established that client-centered therapists use different techniques within therapy than do psychoanalytic or behavioral therapists (e.g., Elliott et al, 1987;Hill, Thames, & Rardin, 1979;Stiles, Shapiro, & Firth-Cozens, 1988;Strupp, 1955Strupp, , 1957.…”