An ecofriendly green liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of nicotinamide and clindamycin phosphate in pharmaceutical gel for acne treatment

Abstract

A new green micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of nicotinamide (NICO) and clindamycin phosphate (CLD) in bulk and pharmaceutical gel formulation. The analytes are well resolved in less than 6.0 minutes using micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.10M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.3% triethylamine, and 10% 2-propanol in 0.02M orthophosphoric acid at pH 3.0, running through an Eclipse XDB-C column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The effluent was monitored with diode array detection at 210 nm. The retention times of NICO and CLD were 3.8 minutes and 5.6 minutes, respectively. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, robustness, and specificity to prove its reliability. Linear correlation was achieved by plotting the peak area of each drug against its concentration. It was found to be rectilinear in the ranges of 1.0-40.0 μg/mL and 0.5-15.0 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.03 μg/mL and limits of quantification of 0.19 μg/mL and 0.09 μg/mL for NICO and CLD, respectively. The method was successfully implemented for the simultaneous determination of the analytes in their bulk powder and combined gel formulation with high % recoveries. The ease of sample treatment facilitates and greatly expedites the treatment with reduced cost and improved accuracy of the procedure.

A retrospective assessment and comparison of the effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide; the combination of topical niacinamide, gallic acid, and lauric acid; and the combination of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin in acne vulgaris

“…It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, and wound healing characteristics. 4 It may be added to oral or topical antibiotic treatments to prevent the development of resistance against C acnes. Benzoyl peroxide is also available in combination with tretinoin or zinc, and these combinations reduce the risk of resistance against C acnes.…”

“…BPO is an agent used in acne treatment that shows common bactericidal effect against C acnes . It has antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, keratolytic, and wound healing characteristics 4 . It may be added to oral or topical antibiotic treatments to prevent the development of resistance against C acnes .…”

“…3 In recent years, new therapeutic models and various combinations have been developed for acne treatment in such a way to make topical formulations containing benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and retinoids the fundamental ground for treatment. 4 Due to the development of antibiotic resistance and side effects in current treatments, alternative acne treatments have been introduced. 5 The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of gel treatments including 5% benzoyl peroxide, the combination of 4% niacinamide + 1% gallic acid + 1% lauric acid and the combination of 5% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) + 3% erythromycin.…”

“…Despite many developments in acne treatment, various combination therapies are needed to create the best option 3 . In recent years, new therapeutic models and various combinations have been developed for acne treatment in such a way to make topical formulations containing benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and retinoids the fundamental ground for treatment 4 . Due to the development of antibiotic resistance and side effects in current treatments, alternative acne treatments have been introduced 5 …”

Drug-Loaded Chitosan Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…Clindamycin is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic lincosamide used in dental and periodontal therapy. It is a water-soluble medicine having a 2.9-h biological half-life [ 71 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ]. Additional study is needed to produce and evaluate clindamycin phosphate loaded chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte complex films as a mucoadhesive medication carrier for periodontal treatment [ 45 ].…”