An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

Shahzad, Muhammad Aamer; Paracha, Kashif Nisar; Naseer, Salman; Ahmad, Sarosh; Malik, Muhammad Faizan; Farhan, Muhammad; Ghaffar, Adnan; Hussien, Mousa; Sharif, Abubakar

doi:10.3390/electronics10232908

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, as electric permittivity and magnetic permeability characterize a specific material, metamaterials have negative values for either one or both [ 7 ]. Among such materials, a split-ring resonator (SRR) is a better choice to achieve optimum surface wave suppression, selectivity, and size miniaturization features in many RF microwave devices [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The SRR was first recommended by Pendry [ 11 ] and experimentally demonstrated by Smith et al [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Wajid

Ahmad

Ullah

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the performance comparison of a dual-band conventional antenna with a split-ring resonator (SRR)- and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)-based dual-band design operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The compactness and dual-frequency operation in the legacy Wi-Fi range of this design make it highly favorable for wearable sensor network-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Considering the current need for wearable antennas, wash cotton (with a relative permittivity of 1.51) is used as a substrate material for both conventional and metamaterial-based antennas. The radiation characteristics of the conventional antenna are compared with the EBG and SRR ground planes-based antennas in terms of return loss, gain, and efficiency. It is found that the SRR-based antenna is more efficient in terms of gain and surface wave suppression as well as more compact in comparison with its two counterparts. The compared results are found to be based on two distinct frequency ranges, namely, 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The suggested SRR-based antenna exhibits improved performance at 5.4 GHz, with gains of 7.39 dbi, bandwidths of 374 MHz, total efficiencies of 64.7%, and HPBWs of 43.2 degrees. The measurements made in bent condition are 6.22 db, 313 MHz, 52.45%, and 22.3 degrees, respectively. The three considered antennas (conventional, EBG-based, and SRR-based) are designed with a compact size to be well-suited for biomedical sensors, and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis is performed to ensure user safety. In addition, the performance of the proposed antenna under bending conditions is also considered to present a realistic approach for a practical antenna design.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Wajid

Ahmad

Ullah

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has received massive attention in telecommunication and sensing applications due to the provision of very high bit rates of 500 Mbps at a low cost [1,2]. This technology has a vital role in various applications, such as sensor networks, body area networks, health monitoring, navigation systems, smart homes, and pulse radars [3][4][5][6][7]. As the UWB systems engage in an ultra-wide bandwidth to obtain high data rates, UWB antennas must have steady responses regarding gain, impedance matching, radiation pattern, polarization, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Frequency Selective Surface Loaded UWB Antenna for High Gain Applications

Awan¹,

Choi²,

Hussain³

et al. 2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the design of wideband and high gain Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) loaded antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless applications requiring high-gain. The antenna consists of a monopole and an FSS reflector. Initially, a conventional rectangular monopole antenna is modified using slot and stub to achieve wide operational bandwidth and size reduction. This modified antenna shows 50% miniaturization compared to a primary rectangular monopole, having a wide impedance bandwidth of 3.6-11.8 GHz. Afterward, an FSS is constructed by the combination of circular and square ring structures. The FSS array consisting of 8 × 8-unit cells are integrated with the antenna as a reflector to enhance the performance of the proposed miniaturized UWB antenna. The loading of FSS results in an improvement of at least 4 dBi gain in the entire operational bandwidth. Moreover, the antenna's bandwidth is also increased at the lower frequency band due to the presence of the FSS. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested to verify the simulation results. The simulation and measurement results show that the antenna offers a wideband -10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.55-13 GHz with a stable peak gain of 8.6 dBi and retains the radiation pattern stability.

show abstract

“…In order to realize the application of multi-band antennas in intelligent wearable devices and small-sized mobile phones, the development of small multi-band antennas has become a challenge faced by antenna design, and microstrip monopole antennas are one of the mainstream design structures for small multi-band antennas. Because of their ease of production and good microstrip antenna performance, they have received a great deal of attention and been the subject of vigorous development in recent years [5][6][7][8][9][10]. For example, the meandering structure of the antenna reduces the size of the antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this small-sized antenna is able to be applied in wearable devices that use the WBAN operating band, including 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz [5]. Alternatively, small-sized antennas can be applied in smartwatches that work in the Wi-Fi band, with an antenna efficiency that can reach 50% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Chung¹,

Hsiao²

2022

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are the mainstream of current antenna design. This paper proposes a dual-band 6 × 6 MIMO glasses antenna for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 indoor wireless communication. The six antennas have the same structure, all of which are F-shaped monopole antennas. They are on the left and right temples, at the upper and lower ends of the left and right frames, which effectively uses the space of the glasses. The substrate uses FR4 (εr=4.4, tanδ=0.02). The antenna design is compact (9 mm × 50 mm × 0.8 mm) and the glasses model is made of FR4. The overall model is similar to virtual reality (VR) glasses, which are convenient for a user to wear. The proposed antenna has three working frequency bands, at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Through matching and optimization, the reflection coefficient can be lower than −10 dB. In addition, this paper evaluates two usage environments for simulation and measurement on the head and free space. The measurement results show that when the operating frequency band is at 2.45 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.1%, and the antenna gain is 1.9 dB. At 5.5 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.5%, and the antenna gain is 4.4 dB. At 6.7 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 85.4%, and the antenna gain is 3.7 dB. When the isolation of the MIMO antenna system is optimized, the low-frequency band is better than −10 dB, and the high-frequency band is better than −20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) values are all lower than 0.1.

show abstract

An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

A Frequency Selective Surface Loaded UWB Antenna for High Gain Applications

Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About