Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Abstract

This paper presents the performance comparison of a dual-band conventional antenna with a split-ring resonator (SRR)- and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)-based dual-band design operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The compactness and dual-frequency operation in the legacy Wi-Fi range of this design make it highly favorable for wearable sensor network-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Considering the current need for wearable antennas, wash cotton (with a relative permittivity of 1.51) is used as a substrate material for both conventional and metamaterial-based antennas. The radiation characteristics of the conventional antenna are compared with the EBG and SRR ground planes-based antennas in terms of return loss, gain, and efficiency. It is found that the SRR-based antenna is more efficient in terms of gain and surface wave suppression as well as more compact in comparison with its two counterparts. The compared results are found to be based on two distinct frequency ranges, namely, 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The suggested SRR-based antenna exhibits improved performance at 5.4 GHz, with gains of 7.39 dbi, bandwidths of 374 MHz, total efficiencies of 64.7%, and HPBWs of 43.2 degrees. The measurements made in bent condition are 6.22 db, 313 MHz, 52.45%, and 22.3 degrees, respectively. The three considered antennas (conventional, EBG-based, and SRR-based) are designed with a compact size to be well-suited for biomedical sensors, and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis is performed to ensure user safety. In addition, the performance of the proposed antenna under bending conditions is also considered to present a realistic approach for a practical antenna design.

Development of wearable textile patch antenna 2.43 GHz for biomedical applications

“…Simulation results demonstrated robust performance even under bending conditions. The design and implementation of a double-band, small-shape wearable antenna is presented in [21,22]. Tailored for the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band spanning frequencies between (2.45 to 5.8) GHz, this design utilized denim as the base material and employed a radiating element crafted from copper tape.…”

Evaluation of Antenna Designs for Wearable Technology: A Literature Review

“…Being flat, lightweight, flexible, non-toxic, and inexpensive are the difficulties in building antennas for biomedical and health monitoring systems [6]. When these wearable antennas are positioned near to the body, their high back-lobe radiations may result in higher electromagnetic absorptions [7]. Metamaterial surfaces or artificial ground planes can be used as a substitute to get around these restrictions.…”

A Microstrip Antenna Using I-Shaped Metamaterial Superstrate with Enhanced Gain for Multiband Wireless Systems

“…[ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The MTM surfaces help to reduce surface waves as well as provide in-phase reflections, which improves the MPA performance in terms of gain, directivity, efficiency, and bandwidth [ 12 ]. The gain of the MPA was enhanced by using a cylindrical EBG structure, as described in [ 13 ].…”