This study presents a simple, miniaturized, and low-profile multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating at 29 GHz with reduced mutual coupling between the antenna elements for futuristic 5G communication. The proposed design employs two radiating elements with slits in the radiators to produce high isolation among the antenna radiators. The MIMO antenna maintains a compact structure of 11.4 × 5.3 mm2, which is the smallest size compared to previous 5G antennas. Roger’s 4350B laminate was employed as a substrate material. At 29 GHz, low mutual coupling of − 36 dB, low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.001), and high diversity gain (DG > 9.8 dB) are achieved. The proposed design is examined in terms of the S-parameters, diversity gain, radiation pattern, and envelope correlation. Compared to the straight antenna element, an improvement of − 20 dB is observed in the isolation for both the simulated and measured results.
This paper presents the design of three types of dual band (2.5 & 5.2 GHz) wearable microstrip patch antennas. The first one is based on a conventional ground plane, whereas the other two antennas are based on two different types of two-dimensional electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. The design of these two different dual-band EBG structures using wearable substrates incorporates several factors in order to improve the performance of the proposed conventional ground plane (dual band) wearable antenna. The second EBG with plus-shaped slots is about 22.7% more compact in size relative to the designed mushroom-like EBG. Subsequently, we have demonstrated that the mushroom-like EBG and the EBG with plus-shaped slots improve the bandwidth by 5.2 MHz and 7.9 MHz at lower resonance frequencies and by 33.6 MHz and 16.7 MHz at higher resonance frequencies, respectively. Furthermore, improvements in gain of 4.33% and 16.5% at a frequency of 2.5 GHz and improvements in gain of 30.43% and 4.57% at 5.2 GHz have been achieved by using the mushroom-like EBG and EBG with plus-shaped slots, respectively. The operation of the conventional ground plane antenna is investigated under different bending conditions, such as wrapped around different rounded body parts. The proposed conventional ground plane antenna is placed over a three-layered (flat body phantom (chest)) and four-layered (rounded body parts) tissue models, and a thorough SAR analysis has been performed. It is concluded that the proposed antenna reduces SAR effects (<2 W/kg) on the human body, thereby making it useful for numerous critical wearable applications.
This paper presents the design of a tri-band flower-shaped planar monopole antenna operating at three frequencies i.e. 1.576 GHz (GPS), 2.668 GHz and 3.636 GHz (Mobile WiMAX). The radiating element of the antenna is backed by a 1.6 mm thicker FR-4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.3. The substrate is backed by a truncated ground plane. The antenna is fed through a 50 Ω microstrip line. The flower shape of the radiating element is derived from the basic circular shape by introducing in it rounded slots of various radii. The upper part of the antenna is flower-shaped while the lower part comprises a microstrip feed line and two branches, each having two 'leaves' at the end. The leaves and branches contribute in the impedance matching of the lower (1.576 GHz) and middle (2.668 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna gives an acceptable simulated efficiency >70% in the three frequency bands. Suitable gains of 1.63, 2.59 and 3.23dB are obtained at 1.576 GHz, 2.668 GHz and 3.636 GHz, respectively. The antenna matched with a VSWR<1.2 in the three frequency bands. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested in the laboratory, and good agreement in simulated and measured results is achieved. The proposed design is a visually appealing and may find uses as an external antenna in GPS and WiMAX applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.