Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens

Donkoh, A.

doi:10.1007/bf01051087

Cited by 255 publications

(158 citation statements)

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“…In this study, the ambient temperature both inside and outside the pen during the experiment were higher than the recommended normothermia zone of 22-28 °C (Donkoh 1989) or 18-24 °C (Holik 2009) established for poultry in the tropical regions. The combination of 31.3 °C and 33.0 °C recorded for AT with 84.6% and 81.5% recorded for relative humidity were calculated to give a temperature humidity index (THI) of 85.5, a value above the THI threshold of 70, established for poultry (Bouraoui et al 2002;Karaman et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

2010

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A 30-day experiment involving 720 White Leghorn layer hens was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on leukocyte and heterophil/lymphocytes ratios of the layer hens during the natural summer conditions. The birds were divided into 4 groups, one control with basal diet and three experimental with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E, or combination of both vitamins. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups. Exposure of layer hens to 31 ± 3 °C and 33 ± 0 °C ambient temperature and 84.6% and 81.5% relative humidity during the experiment caused an increase in the value of temperature humidity index of 15.5 above the threshold value of 70 established for this species. Total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophil levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in all treated groups compared to control. Similarly, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios of 0.51, 0.52, and 0.50 for groups with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamins C + E, respectively, were significantly (p < 0.001) lower compared to 0.59 recorded in the control group. However, heterophil, basophil and monocyte values were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the control group compared to all treated groups. The results of the present study showed that dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E, or their combination, reduces the harmful effect of high ambient temperature and humidity on the leukocyte indicators of exposed layer hens, thereby alleviating the stress imposed on their thermoregulatory mechanism and physiological status. Heat stress, antioxidant vitamins, white blood cells, laying birdsAll over the world, farmers have to solve a problem of heat stress in poultry during the summer period. Global warming as a result of increased industrialization and environmental degradation has led to continuous increase in ambient temperature, thereby making heat stress a major problem of livestock farming, particularly in the poultry sector (Daghir 2009). This is because poultry are particularly sensitive to high ambient temperature (AT), more than to cold. Heat stress interferes with the birds' comfort and suppresses production efficiency. In birds, high ambient temperature leads to increased endogenous heat production, since convective transfer of heat is the major thermoregulatory mechanism of birds and depends on air movement by natural or fan-powered ventilation (Shane 2005). As a response, birds have to make major thermo-regulatory adaptations to prevent death from heat exhaustion. As a result, the genetic potential of layer hens is often compromised (Holik 2009). The responses of poultry to high ambient temperatures have been studied several times, but the effect of relative humidity (RH) on intensifying or modifying these responses has received little attention. Relative humidity is rarely included as an experimental variable or measured for information purposes. Such information is important because in poultry-producing regions high temperature can often be accompanied by a range of RH, which can marked...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

2010

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“…De fato, Furlan & Macari (2002) comprovaram que é necessário gasto razoável de energia (550 calorias para evaporar 1 g de água) para que a ave mantenha sua temperatura corporal. Além disso, existe a relação entre consumo e metabolismo do alimento, que possui efeito termogênico, por meio do incremento calórico (Donkoh, 1989).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade alimentados com rações contendo extrato de leveduras e prebiótico e criados em diferentes temperaturas

Silva¹,

Silva²,

Gravena³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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(1 a 7 dias), de modo que, a partir do oitavo dia, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, composto de 3 temperaturas de criação (alta 34 ± 1 o C; controle 32 ± 2 o C; e baixa 27 ± 2 o C), 2 níveis de extrato de levedura (com ou sem) e 2 níveis de prebiótico (com ou sem).As temperaturas ambiente alta e baixa prejudicaram o desempenho das aves aos 7 e aos 21 dias de idade. A inclusão de prebiótico na ração pré-inicial melhora o ganho de peso das aves criadas sob baixa temperatura aos 21 dias de idade e aumenta a viabilidade até os 21 dias de idade. A adição do extrato de leveduras melhora a conversão alimentar aos 21 dias de idade. Palavras-chave: estresse térmico, mananoligossacarídeos, ração pré-inicial, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days old fed diets with yeast extract and prebiotic, reared at different temperaturesABSTRACT -The performance of broilers reared at different temperatures and fed diet with or without yeast extract and/or prebiotic in the starter phase was evaluated. One thousand, four hundred and forty 1-d male Cobb-500® were reared at different climatic chambers. The diets with or without yeast extract or prebiotic were fed only in the starter phase(1 to 7 days), and from the 8 th day on all broiler were fed the same commercial diet. It was used a complete randomized experimental design, as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 rearing temperatures (high 34 ± 1 o C, control 32 ± 2 o C and low 27 ± 2 o C), 2 yeast extract level (with or without) and 2 prebiotic level (with or without). High and low temperatures decreased the performance of brids at 7 and 21 days old. The inclusion of prebiotic in the pre-starter phase increased weight gain of birds under low temperature at 21 days old and the viability until 21 days old. The inclusion of yeast extract increase feed conversion at 21 days old.

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“…Table 2 -Results of two-way ANOVA and Tukey test for the temperature gradient (ΔT) between surface temperature (Ts) and air temperature (Tair). Broiler acute physiological responses to high environmental temperatures are directly related to the maintenance of homeothermy, but small increases in body temperature may be tolerated, not necessarily resulting in thermal shock (Donkoh, 1989). The author states that birds require a cool environment for at least in part of the day recover from mild heat stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens

Nääs

Romanini

Neves

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Broiler chickens in Brazil are generally reared from 1 to 42 days when they are exposed to procedures such as fasting, harvesting, crating and transport to slaughter. Maintaining homeostasis is of great importance for broiler survival under harsh environment especially prior to slaughter. Heat loss varies in the distinct parts of the body during the growth period, and it is related to the air temperature of the environment and to the amount of feather covering. This research aimed to study the surface temperature distribution using infrared thermographic image processing to characterize 42 day old broiler chicken surface temperature prior to slaughter. Broilers were reared for 42 days and prior to harvest and transport to slaughter the infrared surface temperature was recorded along the day. Data from the thermograms taken in feather and featherless regions were compared during the 42 nd day of growth. High correlation between featherless regions and air temperature was found showing that these areas respond fast to changes in the rearing environment. Two functions were developed for predicting both surface temperature for featherless and feather covered areas of the broiler body parts. Key words: thermal comfort, heat loss, thermoregulation, infrared thermography Distribuição da temperatura superficial de frangos de corte com 42 dias de idade RESUMO: No Brasil frangos de corte são normalmente alojados de 1 até 42 dias, quando são expostos a procedimentos como: jejum, apanha, colocação em caixas e transporte até o abate. Manter a homeostase do corpo é de grande importância para a sobrevivência de frangos de corte sob ambiente quente, especialmente na 7ª semana de crescimento. A perda de calor varia nas partes do corpo e está relacionada à temperatura do ar e à cobertura de penas. Avaliou-se a distribuição da temperatura superficial usando o processamento de imagens de câmera termográfica infravermelho, para caracterizar a temperatura superficial de frangos de corte de 42 dias de idade, no período anterior à apanha para o abate. Os frangos foram alojados de 1 a 42 dias e, antes de serem apanhados e transportados para o abate, foram registradas temperaturas superficiais infravermelho durante o dia.. Os resultados dos termogramas das regiões com penas e sem penas foram comparados, durante o 42º dia. Alta correlação entre regiões sem penas e a temperatura ambiente foi encontrada, mostrando que estas áreas respondem rapidamente a alterações no ambiente do alojamento. Duas funções foram desenvolvidas para predizer a temperatura superficial das regiões com e sem penas, do corpo de frangos com 42 dias, sendo conhecida a temperatura do ar do ambiente. Palavras-chave: conforto térmico, perda de calor, termorregulação, termografia infravermelha

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Ambient temperature: a factor affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chickens

Cited by 255 publications

References 42 publications

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Desempenho de frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade alimentados com rações contendo extrato de leveduras e prebiótico e criados em diferentes temperaturas

Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens

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