Performance and morphology of intestinal mucosa of broilers fed mannan-oligosaccharides and enzymes ABSTRACTThe performance and the morphology of intestinal mucosa of broilers fed mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and enzymes (E) from one to 21-day-old were evaluated using 750 one-day-old chicks, assigned to a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial design -two levels of MOS (0 and 0.1%), two levels of E (0 and 0.05%) plus an antibiotic positive control diet -performing five treatments of five replications each one. MOS x E interaction was significant for both duodenal (P<0.002 and P<0.002) and ileal (P<0.04 and P<0.05) perimeters and heights of villi, being the values lower in the mucosa of birds fed non-supplemented diets. MOS based-diet determined an increase on perimeter of jejunal villi (P<0.05). Compared with antibiotic treatment group, villi perimeter (P<0.02) and height (P<0.005), and crypt depth (P<0.02) of duodenum of broiler fed MOS were higher. Broilers fed MOS and/or E did not perform better, but higher villi perimeter and height were observed in the intestinal mucosa of those birds.

(1 a 7 dias), de modo que, a partir do oitavo dia, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, composto de 3 temperaturas de criação (alta 34 ± 1 o C; controle 32 ± 2 o C; e baixa 27 ± 2 o C), 2 níveis de extrato de levedura (com ou sem) e 2 níveis de prebiótico (com ou sem).As temperaturas ambiente alta e baixa prejudicaram o desempenho das aves aos 7 e aos 21 dias de idade. A inclusão de prebiótico na ração pré-inicial melhora o ganho de peso das aves criadas sob baixa temperatura aos 21 dias de idade e aumenta a viabilidade até os 21 dias de idade. A adição do extrato de leveduras melhora a conversão alimentar aos 21 dias de idade. Palavras-chave: estresse térmico, mananoligossacarídeos, ração pré-inicial, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days old fed diets with yeast extract and prebiotic, reared at different temperaturesABSTRACT -The performance of broilers reared at different temperatures and fed diet with or without yeast extract and/or prebiotic in the starter phase was evaluated. One thousand, four hundred and forty 1-d male Cobb-500® were reared at different climatic chambers. The diets with or without yeast extract or prebiotic were fed only in the starter phase(1 to 7 days), and from the 8 th day on all broiler were fed the same commercial diet. It was used a complete randomized experimental design, as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 rearing temperatures (high 34 ± 1 o C, control 32 ± 2 o C and low 27 ± 2 o C), 2 yeast extract level (with or without) and 2 prebiotic level (with or without). High and low temperatures decreased the performance of brids at 7 and 21 days old. The inclusion of prebiotic in the pre-starter phase increased weight gain of birds under low temperature at 21 days old and the viability until 21 days old. The inclusion of yeast extract increase feed conversion at 21 days old.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass and parts yield, and blood changes in broilers fed different protein, carbohydrate, and lipid levels. Birds were fed a commercial diet until seven days of age. On day 8, birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (control diet, low protein diet, low carbohydrate diet or low lipid diet vs. supplementation of 0 or 0.3ppm organic selenium) with four replicates of 15 birds each. Broilers fed low protein presented lower body weight, feed intake, and worse feed conversion ratio on day 42, as well as lower carcass and breast yields, higher leg and abdominal fat yields, higher triglyceride and lower uric acid blood levels. Broilers fed the low carbohydrate diets presented low glucose levels on days 14 and 42.Creatine-kinase (CK) levels increased as birds aged. The livability of broilers fed the low protein diets improved and of those fed low carbohydrate diets worsened with dietary selenium addition on days 35 and 42. Selenium supplementation increased glucose levels in 42-d-old broilers. Changes in dietary protein caused more impact on broiler performance compared with carbohydrates and lipids. Changes in macronutrients caused metabolic changes in broilers. Selenium affected broiler livability as measured on days 35 and 42, and glucose blood levels.

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-The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures that received feed with or without yeast extract and prebiotic in the pre-initial phase. One thousand four hundred and forty one-day old male chicks were used, raised in different climate chambers.Feed with or without the addition of yeast extract and prebiotic was offered only in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days). From the eighth day on, every chick received the same feed, readjusted according to usual recommendations. A randomized complete experimental design was used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three environmental temperatures (hot, comfort and cold) and two levels of yeast extract (with or without) and prebiotic (with or without). The performance of the birds was evaluated considering weight gain, feed intake, food conversion and viability at 42 days of age. Carcass yield and intestinal morphometry were also evaluated. Environmental heat impaired performance and carcass yield. Prebiotic inclusion in the pre-initial feed increased weight gain and enhanced food conversion of birds raised under hot conditions. The inclusion of products in the feed of broiler chickens raised in hot and cold environments has beneficial effects on chicken intestinal villi.Key Words: carcass yield, heat stress, intestinal morphometry, mannanoligosaccharides, performance, Saccharomyces cervisiae Extrato de leveduras e prebiótico na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturasRESUMO -Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturas e que receberam na fase pré-inicial ração contendo ou não extrato de leveduras e prebiótico. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos machos de 1 dia de idade, criados em diferentes câmaras climáticas. As rações, acrescidas ou não de extrato de leveduras e prebiótico, foram oferecidas somente na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7 dias). A partir do oitavo dia, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração, reajustada de acordo com as recomendações usuais. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, composto de três temperaturas de criação (calor, conforto e frio) e dois níveis de extrato de leveduras (com ou sem) e prebiótico (com ou sem). O desempenho das aves foi avaliado considerando o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade aos 42 dias de idade.Também foram avaliados o rendimento de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal. O calor ambiente prejudicou o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça. A inclusão de prebiótico na ração pré-inicial aumentou o ganho de peso e melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves criadas no calor. A inclusão dos produtos na ração de frangos de corte criados em ambiente de calor e no frio tem efeito benéfico sobre as vilosidades das aves.

-The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of passionflower (Passiflora alata) in diets on performance, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), corticosterone plasma levels (CPL) and immune response of quails. The study was carried out using 192 birds, distributed in randomized blocks with 4 diets (0, 125, 250 and 375 and 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg of passionflower/kg of feed for the rearing and laying period, respectively), 8 replicates and 6 birds per experimental unit. The rearing period began when birds were 28 days of age and it lasted for 15 days. In this phase, it was evaluated daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and corticosterone plasma levels. Laying phase started when birds were 43 days of age and it finished when they were 140 days of age; it was compesed of six 14-day cycles in which it evaluated feed intake, feed conversion, egg production and quality, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio, corticosterone plasma levels and immune response. In the rearing period, the use of passionflower in the diet of quails influenced the behavioral parameters, and the birds became calmer, mainly at the dosage of 375 mg/kg of ration.However, in the laying period, passionflower was efficient in reducing stress in the quails, and the most promising results are observed when higher dosages of the phytotherapic were applied. Nevertheless, the dose of 750 mg/kg of feeeding reduces egg production, though it does not influence quality of eggs neither immune response of the quails.Key Words: behavior, corticosterone, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, immune response, stress, tonic immobility Efeitos da utilização de passiflora em rações de codornas japonesas nas fases de recria e postura

RESUMO -Avaliaram-se a digestibilidade ileal e a retenção de alguns nutrientes e os valores de energia de dietas contendo mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) e/ou complexo enzimático (CE) para frangos de corte. Foram utilizadas 275 aves em delineamento em blocos ao acaso e arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 + 1, com dois níveis de MOS (0 e 0,1%), dois níveis de complexo enzimático (0 e 0,05%) e uma dieta controle positivo com antibióticos. O óxido crômico (0,5%) foi adicionado às dietas para estimativa do fator de indigestibilidade. O experimento teve início quando as aves completaram 13 dias de idade; a coleta de excretas foi realizada do 20 o ao 22 o dia e a de digesta, no 23 o dia de idade das aves. A interação MOS × CE foi significativa para a retenção de PB e P e de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), cujos valores foram maiores nas dietas com MOS e CE. A inclusão do CE melhorou a retenção de MS e os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal de MS, PB, Ca e P na retenção de cálcio e nos valores de energia digestível com a inclusão de mananoligossacarídeo. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal da MS, a retenção de MS, PB, Ca e P e os valores de energia digestível e de EMA das dietas contendo MOS e/ou CE foram superiores aos obtidos com a dieta contendo antibióticos.Palavras-chave: aditivos, enzimas, prebiótico, valor nutritivo Nutrients utilization from diets containing mannan oligosaccharides and/or enzymatic complex for broilersABSTRACT -The ileal digestibility and retention of some nutrients and the energy content were evaluated in diets for broilers containing mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and/or enzymatic complex (EC). Two hundred and seventy-five birds were used in a randomized complete block design, with factorial arrangement (2 x 2 + 1) of the treatments, with two MOS levels (0 and 0.1%), two EC levels (0 and 0.05%) and a positive control diet with antibiotics. Chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diets to estimate the indigestibility factor. The experiment started when the birds reached 13 days of age, the excreta collection was performed from the 20 th to the 22 nd day and the digesta collection at the 23 rd day of age of the birds. The interaction MOS x EC was significant for CP and P retention and for apparent metabolizable energy (AME), whose values were higher in diets with MOS and EC. EC inclusion improved DM retention and there was an improvement on ileal digestibility coefficient of DM, CP, Ca and P, Ca retention, and digestible energy values due to MOS inclusion. Ileal digestibility coefficients of DM, and DM, CP, Ca and P retention, as well as AME values were higher in diets containing MOS and/or EC compared with the diets containing antibiotics.

415Efeito da inclusão da camomila no desempenho, comportamento e estresse em codornas durante a fase de recria.Ciência Rural, v.40, n.2, fev, 2010. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.40, n.2, p.415-420, fev, 2010