(1 a 7 dias), de modo que, a partir do oitavo dia, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, composto de 3 temperaturas de criação (alta 34 ± 1 o C; controle 32 ± 2 o C; e baixa 27 ± 2 o C), 2 níveis de extrato de levedura (com ou sem) e 2 níveis de prebiótico (com ou sem).As temperaturas ambiente alta e baixa prejudicaram o desempenho das aves aos 7 e aos 21 dias de idade. A inclusão de prebiótico na ração pré-inicial melhora o ganho de peso das aves criadas sob baixa temperatura aos 21 dias de idade e aumenta a viabilidade até os 21 dias de idade. A adição do extrato de leveduras melhora a conversão alimentar aos 21 dias de idade. Palavras-chave: estresse térmico, mananoligossacarídeos, ração pré-inicial, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days old fed diets with yeast extract and prebiotic, reared at different temperaturesABSTRACT -The performance of broilers reared at different temperatures and fed diet with or without yeast extract and/or prebiotic in the starter phase was evaluated. One thousand, four hundred and forty 1-d male Cobb-500® were reared at different climatic chambers. The diets with or without yeast extract or prebiotic were fed only in the starter phase(1 to 7 days), and from the 8 th day on all broiler were fed the same commercial diet. It was used a complete randomized experimental design, as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 rearing temperatures (high 34 ± 1 o C, control 32 ± 2 o C and low 27 ± 2 o C), 2 yeast extract level (with or without) and 2 prebiotic level (with or without). High and low temperatures decreased the performance of brids at 7 and 21 days old. The inclusion of prebiotic in the pre-starter phase increased weight gain of birds under low temperature at 21 days old and the viability until 21 days old. The inclusion of yeast extract increase feed conversion at 21 days old.

-The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of continuous ingestion of pectin on intestinal viscosity, intestinal transit time, excreta moisture content, nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism of broilers at starter and growth phases. We used 240 one-day-old Cobb male broiler chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of four concentrations of pectin (0, 10, 30 and 50 g kg -1 ) with six replicates of 10 birds each. The ingestion of pectin supplied in the feed by broilers at the starter phase increased intestinal viscosity and intestinal transit time, reduced excreta moisture, improved the use of apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, coefficient of apparent metabolizability, coefficient of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizability, apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein and organic matter; worsened calcium utilization and coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter; and did not influence the coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude fat, ash and phosphorus. Pectin ingestion during the growth phase increased intestinal viscosity and apparent digestibility coefficients of ash and organic matter, but decreased the dry matter, crude fat, crude protein and calcium. Intestinal transit time, energy metabolism and apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein showed quadratic behavior according to pectin levels in the feed. Therefore, pectin ingestion by broilers at the starter phase increases intestinal viscosity and intestinal transit time, reduces excreta moisture and improves energy utilization, whereas at the growth phase nutrient digestibility is decreased.

-The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of passionflower (Passiflora alata) in diets on performance, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), corticosterone plasma levels (CPL) and immune response of quails. The study was carried out using 192 birds, distributed in randomized blocks with 4 diets (0, 125, 250 and 375 and 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg of passionflower/kg of feed for the rearing and laying period, respectively), 8 replicates and 6 birds per experimental unit. The rearing period began when birds were 28 days of age and it lasted for 15 days. In this phase, it was evaluated daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and corticosterone plasma levels. Laying phase started when birds were 43 days of age and it finished when they were 140 days of age; it was compesed of six 14-day cycles in which it evaluated feed intake, feed conversion, egg production and quality, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio, corticosterone plasma levels and immune response. In the rearing period, the use of passionflower in the diet of quails influenced the behavioral parameters, and the birds became calmer, mainly at the dosage of 375 mg/kg of ration.However, in the laying period, passionflower was efficient in reducing stress in the quails, and the most promising results are observed when higher dosages of the phytotherapic were applied. Nevertheless, the dose of 750 mg/kg of feeeding reduces egg production, though it does not influence quality of eggs neither immune response of the quails.Key Words: behavior, corticosterone, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, immune response, stress, tonic immobility Efeitos da utilização de passiflora em rações de codornas japonesas nas fases de recria e postura

-The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens raised under different temperatures that received feed with or without yeast extract and prebiotic in the pre-initial phase. One thousand four hundred and forty one-day old male chicks were used, raised in different climate chambers.Feed with or without the addition of yeast extract and prebiotic was offered only in the pre-initial phase (1 to 7 days). From the eighth day on, every chick received the same feed, readjusted according to usual recommendations. A randomized complete experimental design was used in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three environmental temperatures (hot, comfort and cold) and two levels of yeast extract (with or without) and prebiotic (with or without). The performance of the birds was evaluated considering weight gain, feed intake, food conversion and viability at 42 days of age. Carcass yield and intestinal morphometry were also evaluated. Environmental heat impaired performance and carcass yield. Prebiotic inclusion in the pre-initial feed increased weight gain and enhanced food conversion of birds raised under hot conditions. The inclusion of products in the feed of broiler chickens raised in hot and cold environments has beneficial effects on chicken intestinal villi.Key Words: carcass yield, heat stress, intestinal morphometry, mannanoligosaccharides, performance, Saccharomyces cervisiae Extrato de leveduras e prebiótico na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturasRESUMO -Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturas e que receberam na fase pré-inicial ração contendo ou não extrato de leveduras e prebiótico. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos machos de 1 dia de idade, criados em diferentes câmaras climáticas. As rações, acrescidas ou não de extrato de leveduras e prebiótico, foram oferecidas somente na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7 dias). A partir do oitavo dia, todas as aves receberam a mesma ração, reajustada de acordo com as recomendações usuais. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 × 2, composto de três temperaturas de criação (calor, conforto e frio) e dois níveis de extrato de leveduras (com ou sem) e prebiótico (com ou sem). O desempenho das aves foi avaliado considerando o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar e a viabilidade aos 42 dias de idade.Também foram avaliados o rendimento de carcaça e a morfometria intestinal. O calor ambiente prejudicou o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça. A inclusão de prebiótico na ração pré-inicial aumentou o ganho de peso e melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves criadas no calor. A inclusão dos produtos na ração de frangos de corte criados em ambiente de calor e no frio tem efeito benéfico sobre as vilosidades das aves.

415Efeito da inclusão da camomila no desempenho, comportamento e estresse em codornas durante a fase de recria.Ciência Rural, v.40, n.2, fev, 2010. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.40, n.2, p.415-420, fev, 2010

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n4p185Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da Valeriana officinalis sobre o estresse de codornas japonesas na fase postura, analisando-se parâmetros de desempenho, comportamental e fisiolόgico. Foram utilizadas 192 aves dos 43 aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas em blocos casualizados e submetidas a quatro níveis de valeriana (controle, 250, 500 e 750mg/Ng de ração) com oito repetições e seis aves por parcela. Foram avaliados parâmetros de desempenho (conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, consumo de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura e viabilidade), comportamentais (tempo em imobilidade tônica, observação focal e ferimentos corporais) e fisiolόgicos (níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona e relação heterόfilo:linfόcito). Os resultados obtidos na fase de postura demonstraram que a valeriana adicionada na dieta não foi capaz de reduzir o estresse das aves e não afetou o desempenho produtivo.

Tendo o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a composição química da carne de codornas japonesas macho submetidas a diferentes níveis de energia e proteína na dieta, 216 codornas foram distribuídas em nove tratamentos, quatro repetições e seis aves por parcela. Aos 38 dias de idade as aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo três níveis de energia (2.600, 2.800 e 3.000 kcal EM/kg) e três níveis de proteína ( 16, 18 e 20%), constituindo as rações experimentais fornecidas até 56 dias de idade. Os resultados mostraram que a matéria seca original foi significativamente mais elevada na carne das aves submetidas ao tratamento contendo 2.600 kcal EM/kg de ração seguida pela carne das aves alimentadas com 3.000 kcal EM/kg. A quantidade de lipídios totais também foi maior na carne das aves alimentadas com rações contendo 2.600 e 3.000 kcal EM/kg de ração. Não houve influência dos níveis de energia e proteína das dietas nos parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade de carne. Conclui-se que os menores níveis de energia e de proteína na dieta não afetaram o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e a composição química da carne de codornas machos para postura.Palavras-chave: Consumo de ração. Coturnix coturnix japônica. Produção de carne CARCASS YIELD AND MEAT QUALITY OF MALE LAYING QUAILS SUMMARY:The aim of this experiment was to evaluate performance of Japanese quail male subjected to different levels of energy and protein in the diet, and the carcass yield and chemical composition of meat. 216 quails were distributed on nine treatments, four replicates and six birds per cage. At 38 days the quails were distributed in a completely randomized design, factorial scheme 3x3, in three levels of metabolizable energy (2,600; 2;800 and 3,000 kcal ME/kg), and three levels of crude protein (16, 18 and 20%), composing the experimental diets supplied until 56

Yeast extract digestibility for broilersABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolizable energy, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and the amino acids contained in yeast extract supplied to broiler chickens. Two metabolism assays were carried out. In the first assay, 200 14-day old Cobb-500 ® male broiler chickens were used kept in metallic cages in a randomized complete design in groups of 10 birds per experimental unit. The total excreta collection method was used to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected by the nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the apparent digestibility coefficients of the dry matter and crude protein. The second assay used the forced feeding method in eight roosters which were cecectomized to determine the amino acid digestibility coefficient. The experimental design was randomized blocks repeated in time, with a group of 5 roosters that received the yeast extract and another group of 3 fasted roosters to determine the endogenous losses of amino acids. The yeast extract contained on average 92.49% DM, 48.07% CP, 4.883 kcal GE/kg and 2.073 kcal EMAn/kg and digestibility coefficients of 65.79% dry matter, 65.47% crude protein and 99.42% amino acids in broilers. The largest proportion of amino acids in the yeast extract was glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, alanine, proline, lysine, valine, serine, isoleucine, glycine, and threonine.