Alteration rate of medieval potash-lime silicate glass as a function of pH and temperature: A low pH-dependent dissolution

Sessegolo, Loryelle; Verney-Carron, Aurélie; Ausset, Patrick; Nowak, Sophie; Triquet, Sylvain; Saheb, Mandana; Chabas, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119704

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Medieval stained glass is highly prone to deterioration, both due to its atmospheric exposure and the relatively low stability of its low silica, high alkali composition [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The glass may experience leaching, the process by which modifying ions are drawn out from the surface layer of the glass and replaced by the diffusion of hydrogen-containing species from rainwater and indoor humidity, resulting in a layer of altered composition [37,[41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating Nathan: The Oldest Stained Glass Window in England?

2021

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Relatively little is known about stained glass windows in England predating c. 1170; however, art-historical evaluation by Caviness (1987) argued that four figures from the “Ancestors series” of Canterbury Cathedral, usually dated to the late 12th and early 13th century, in fact date earlier (c. 1130–1160). This would place them amongst the earliest stained glass in England, and the world. Building on our previous work, we address Caviness’s hypothesis using a methodology based upon analysis of a few, well-measured heavy trace elements and a 3D-printed attachment for a pXRF spectrometer that facilitates in situ analysis. The results confirm two major periods of “recycling” or re-using medieval glass. The first is consistent with Caviness’s argument that figures predating the 1174 fire were reused in the early 13th century. The results suggest that in addition to figures, ornamental borders were reused, indicating the presence of more early glass than previously thought. In the second period of recycling (1790s), surviving figures from the Ancestors series were removed and adapted into rectangular panels for insertion into large Perpendicular-style windows elsewhere in the cathedral. The results show that the glasses used to adapt the panels to a rectangular shape were broadly contemporary with the glasses used to glaze the original Ancestors windows, again representing a more extensive presence of medieval glass in the windows.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating Nathan: The Oldest Stained Glass Window in England?

2021

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“…The concentration of corrosive media and conditions of elevated temperature and pressure were chosen based on previous pilot studies [19][20][21] and comparison with other studies [9,12,16,[22][23][24]. A simple corrosive system of nitric acid solution simulates nitrates in the soil that surrounds the archaeological finds and the aqueous solution of acetic acid represents corrosion in complex organic acids and could be selected as a substitute for humic acids.…”

Section: Corrosion Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Historical Lead Glazes With Corrosive Media

Kolářová¹

2021

Ceramics - Silikaty

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Lead glasses and glazes are often discussed in terms of degradation processes in connection with their wide use in the field of cultural heritage in historical objects of low-fired glazed ceramics and historical glasses. This work is focused on the evaluation of the interaction of lead glazes with a corrosive media simulating environment of waste pits, deposits and possibly inappropriate conservation interventions. The first part of the experiment contains surface characterisation of several archaeological fragments of glazed ceramics. Two model lead silicate fritted glazes for corrosion tests were prepared based on their compositions. A system based on nitric acid solution simulates nitrates in the soil that surround the archaeological finds, and the aqueous solution of acetic acid represents corrosion in complex organic acids and humic acids. The concentration of Pb and Si was determined in corrosive solution by AAS. Precipitates were identified by optical microscopy (OM) and were examined via XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Vibrational spectroscopy (ATR, Raman) proved that the proportion of Pb representing a function of network former decreases with time. The shift to higher wavelengths indicates a change in Q motifs in the glass structure of the glaze frits or a glass network transition from a Si-O-Pb-O-Si towards a Si-O-Si glass network.

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“…The sand used to make the glass had to be pure, in order to obtain a colorless glass, as any impurities due to iron and chromium oxides made the glass take on unwanted yellow/green shades [40,49]. The lack of sodium oxide was also observed, probably related to the alteration of the glass, as shown in [50]. The two first analyses of a fragment of a yellow smooth-walled bottle (sample 177B, Figure 4b) showed very similar percentage of weight oxides (Table 4), that respect the XRF data analyses.…”

Section: Sem-eds Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sem-eds Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Medieval Glassworks in the City of Ferrara (North Eastern Italy): The Case Study of Piazza Municipale

et al. 2020

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Compositional and structural characterization was carried out on transparent glass fragments found in a brick rubbish pit discovered in basal floor of the ducal palace of Ferrara, during the excavation of Piazza Municipale. This study aims to identify raw materials and glass-working techniques through X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) quantitative chemical analyses and semi-quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. The studied fragments were produced using siliceous-lime sands with natron as flux, and allowed us to better understand the production technologies in a historical period of great innovation for European glass art. The numerous findings of glass fragments discovered in brick underground cellars built for the specific purpose of household rubbish of wealthy complexes in Ferrara testify a consolidated system of separate discharge of solid waste into underground containers, which were closed and sealed once filled. The high volume of the finds indicates the absence of recycling of accumulated materials due to the well-being of the city. Compositional analysis confirmed the local production of glass shops in Ferrara during the late Middle Ages, characterized by differences with the glasses of the nearby city of Venice. Morphological analyses also defined the nature and relative abundance of the products, exploring the types and compositions of the Ferrara glass art.

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Alteration rate of medieval potash-lime silicate glass as a function of pH and temperature: A low pH-dependent dissolution

Cited by 12 publications

References 73 publications

Dating Nathan: The Oldest Stained Glass Window in England?

Dating Nathan: The Oldest Stained Glass Window in England?

Interaction of Historical Lead Glazes With Corrosive Media

Medieval Glassworks in the City of Ferrara (North Eastern Italy): The Case Study of Piazza Municipale

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