ALS and TLS data fusion in cultural heritage documentation and modeling

Abstract

ABSTRACT:One of the most important aspects of documenting cultural heritage sites is acquiring detailed and accurate data. A popular method of storing 3D information about historical structures is using 3D models. These models are built based on terrestrial or aerial laser scanning data. These methods are seldom used together. Historical buildings usually have a very complex design, therefore the input data, on the basis of which their 3D models are being built, must provide a high enough accuracy to model these complexities. The data processing methods used, as well as the modeling algorithms implemented, should be highly automated and universal. The main of the presented research was to analyze and compare various methods for extracting matching points. The article presents the results of combining data from ALS and TLS using reference points extracted both manually and automatically. Finally, the publication also includes an analysis of the accuracy of the data merging process.

Protocol Development for Point Clouds, Triangulated Meshes and Parametric Model Acquisition and Integration in an HBIM Workflow for Change Control and Management in a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site

“…This model allows a highly precise analysis of the urban environment and, more importantly, a non-invasive tool to document and preserve our cities with an overall vision [6]. However, these models demand tools and methodologies that simplify interoperability among them to facilitate the researcher's work [7]. In order to develop a methodology that allows us to encode, interpret and finally manage the historic centers from the complexity of the urban cells, the research presented in this work develops the study case of a highly reliable and relative easily developed parametric model of an urban area of UNESCO's World Heritage City of Cáceres.…”

“…This model allows a highly precise analysis of the urban environment and, more importantly, a non-invasive tool to document and preserve our cities with an overall vision [ 6 ]. However, these models demand tools and methodologies that simplify interoperability among them to facilitate the researcher’s work [ 7 ].…”

Tower of Belém (Lisbon)–Status Quo 3D Documentation and Material Origin Determination

“…The precision required for the final product conditions the technique and method to be used in the survey. There are several research works which compare close-range photogrammetry and TLS for heritage documentation in diverse study cases [23][24][25][26][27]. Some papers indicate similar precisions obtained by both techniques, and conclude that the principal difference between them are the characteristics of data acquisition [23,24].…”

An Improvement in the Identification of the Centres of Checkerboard Targets in Point Clouds Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

“…One of the methods for the scan registration of independently obtained data is the transformation of the systems on the basis of reference points—in this case, the points that are common in both data sets. These can be both natural points, such as roof corners, edges, and other elements of topographic objects, or signalized points in the form of LiDAR targets or ground markers [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Signalized points are usually pre-defined targets/marks with known geometry, shape and pattern.…”