Allelopathic interference of Sapindus saponaria root and mature leaf aqueous extracts on diaspore germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa

Grisi, Patrícia Umeda; Gualtieri, Sônia Cristina Juliano; Ranal, Marli A.; Santana, Denise Garcia de

doi:10.1590/s1806-99592012000100002

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1 and 2), indicating that the detrimental eff ects exerted by the extracts on the germination and growth of the target species resulted from the presence of bioactive substances. According to Grisi et al (2012), osmotic potentials below −0.3 MPa do not interfere in seed germination or in the initial growth of seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in the allelopathic potential of the family Myrtaceae

2013

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Allelopathy is a type of biotic interference wherein a plant releases bioactive metabolites into an environment, thereby aff ecting the adjacent biota. Stressful environments stimulate the production of these metabolites. Th e present study tests the novel weapons hypothesis, which postulates that species belonging to the same genus and from the same environment have similar allelopathic eff ects. Th e aim of this study was to assess the allelopathic eff ects that the aqueous leaf extracts of 15 species belonging to fi ve genera of the Myrtaceae family have on the seed germination and initial seedling growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). Germination rates, average germination times, informational entropy of germination and allelopathic eff ects, as quantifi ed with a response index, were calculated. A taxonomic distance matrix based on Gower dissimilarity and a Euclidean distance matrix were constructed. Th e results revealed that all extracts from donor species signifi cantly increased average germination time or reduced the germination rate of eudicotyledonous plant species. Th e only extracts that showed no eff ect on monocotyledonous seeds were those of Campomanesia pubescens O. Berg and Psidium cinereum Mart. We conclude that eudicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants were both signifi cantly aff ected by the presence of all extracts tested. Our results make it clear that each species behaves distinctly in relation to allelopathic activity, with no apparent grouping by genus or subtribe. Th erefore, the hypothesis was rejected, because plants from the same environment and with taxonomic proximity do not necessarily display similar production of secondary metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific variation in the allelopathic potential of the family Myrtaceae

2013

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“…Additionally, these three extracts had the same two active fractions, F5 and F6, however those fractions of each extract exhibited different level of growth inhibitory activity. It may be due to the differences in concentrations of allelopathic substances or variation of chemical composition between plant parts (Wu et al, 2009;Grisi et al, 2012;Sarkar et al, 2012).…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naderi and Bijanzadeh (2012) identified the potential of allelopathic effects of leaf, stem and root extracts of ten Iranian rice cultivars on barnyard grass, which leaf extract exhibited the strongest growth inhibitory activity followed by root and stem extracts. Numerous researchers also reported that each plant part showed significant difference effects on the growth of test plant species (Dorning and Cipollini, 2006;Fateh et al, 2012;Grisi et al, 2012;Pirzad et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2003;Tabrizi and Yarnia, 2011). It has also been reported that the compounds in roots reach more easily to the surrounding plant roots than the compounds in leaves (Wu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The allelochemicals can be presented in every organ of plant parts including flowers, leaves, stems, roots and seeds (Rice, 1984;Fateh et al, 2012;Grisi et al, 2012). Naderi and Bijanzadeh (2012) identified the potential of allelopathic effects of leaf, stem and root extracts of ten Iranian rice cultivars on barnyard grass, which leaf extract exhibited the strongest growth inhibitory activity followed by root and stem extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allelopathic activity of leaves, stalks and roots of Cymbopogon nardus

Suwitchayanon

Kato‐Noguchi

2014

Emir. J. Food Agric

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In this study, leaves, stalks and roots of Cymbopogon nardus were separately evaluated to determine the most active parts that contained the strong growth inhibitory activity. Each aqueous methanol extracts of Cymbopogon nardus were determined their allelopathic activity by using six test plant species; alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium moltiflorum Lam.) and jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum (L.) P. Beauv.). Four extract concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 g dry weight equivalent extract/mL) were used for the bioassay. The results showed that these three extracts have inhibitory activity and the percent inhibition increased concentration dependently. However, the inhibitory activity of leaf and root extracts was more effective than stalk extract at 95% level of significance. Barnyard grass, Italian ryegrass and jungle rice were the most sensitive to the leaf, stalk and root extracts, respectively. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of C. nardus leaf, stalk and root extracts on all test plants were 0.000-0.025, 0.009-0.077 and 0.003-0.023 g dry weight equivalent extract/mL, respectively. In addition, separation of these extracts through silica gel column indicated that root extract contained the most active fractions with strong growth inhibition. The present results suggest that C. nardus may have allelopathic compounds and the root extracts have the greatest inhibitory activity. Studies are in progress for the isolation and identification of allelopathic compounds in aqueous methanol extracts of C. nardus roots for the development of natural herbicides.

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“…(Oliveira et al 2004), Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Pina et al 2009) and Sapindus saponaria (Grisi et al 2012) have been shown to have a strong inhibitory eff ect on the growth of target species such as Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Raphanus sativus (radish) and Sesamum indicum L. (sesame) (Periotto et al 2004;Pina et al 2009). However, none of those studies, which were designed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of native plant species, have actually identifi ed the active molecules responsible for such eff ects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple procedure for the purification of active fractions in aqueous extracts of plants with allelopathic properties

2013

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Most studies conducted to test the allelopathic activity of plant parts have made use of water as solvent. However, the presence of polar, water-soluble substances, such as proteins and carbohydrates, tends to hamper the purifi cation of active compounds. In this study, we present a simple purifi cation procedure that separates the active fraction of the extract from the undesirable substances, thus facilitating the search for active molecules through standard chromatographic methods. Aqueous leaf extracts of three Cerrado species (Caryocar brasiliense, Qualea parvifl ora and Eugenia dysenterica) were prepared at 5% concentration (w/v) and stored at 4°C (crude extracts). Aft er 24 h, these solutions were fi ltered and freeze-dried. Th e powder obtained was dissolved in methanol, fi ltered again, evaporated and dissolved in water for bioassays (purifi ed extracts). For the bioassays, seedlings of Sesamum indicum were grown for fi ve days in aqueous solutions prepared from crude and purifi ed extracts at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% (w/v). Seedling growth in distilled water was set as a control. In comparison with the control, we found that test solutions prepared from both crude and purifi ed extracts signifi cantly inhibited sesame seedling growth. However, solutions prepared from purifi ed extracts were two to ten times more inhibitory to seedling growth than were those prepared from crude extracts. Th e inhibition of root growth ranged from 35% to 77%, depending on the plant species, at a concentration as low as 0.1%. Roots were more aff ected than were shoots. Th e eff ects of purifi ed extracts on seedling morphology were similar to those observed when crude extracts were employed, indicating that the procedure of purifi cation of crude extracts did not interfere with the mode of action of the active substances

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Allelopathic interference of Sapindus saponaria root and mature leaf aqueous extracts on diaspore germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Interspecific variation in the allelopathic potential of the family Myrtaceae

Interspecific variation in the allelopathic potential of the family Myrtaceae

Allelopathic activity of leaves, stalks and roots of Cymbopogon nardus

A simple procedure for the purification of active fractions in aqueous extracts of plants with allelopathic properties

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