Alkali antimonides photocathodes growth using pure metals evaporation from effusion cells

Cultrera, L.; Lee, Hyeri; Bazarov, Ivan

doi:10.1116/1.4936845

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…QEs larger than 20% are obtained on p-Si(100) and p-GaAs(100) at 400 nm. These results are similar to those on the p-type Si(100) substrate obtained by the preceding studies [29].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

pn -type substrate dependence of CsK2Sb photocathode performance

Guo

Katoh

2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The CsK 2 Sb photocathode is capable of generating a high-intensity and low-emittance electron beam with visible laser light. In this study, we examined CsK 2 Sb photocathode evaporation on nand p-type Si(100), GaAs(100), and Si(111) substrates, and compared their cathode performance. We found that the quantum efficiency of the p-type substrate was superior to that of the n-type substrate for the same substrate material and surface orientation. We show that this can be qualitatively analyzed by an energy-band model for the semiconductor(metal)-semiconductor junction between CsK 2 Sb and the substrate. We also evaporated the Cs 3 Sb cathode on nand p-type Si(100) and GaAs(100) substrates, and confirmed that the cathode performance of all substrates was consistent with the model results. This finding indicates the possibility of improving the thin-film cathode performance by revisiting the semiconductor(metal)semiconductor junction between the cathode and the substrate, which improves the understanding of high-performance photocathodes.

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“…QEs larger than 20% are obtained on p-Si(100) and p-GaAs(100) at 400 nm. These results are similar to those on the p-type Si(100) substrate obtained by the preceding studies [29].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

pn -type substrate dependence of CsK2Sb photocathode performance

Guo

Katoh

2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…The entire duration of our cathode growth process is about 2.5 h and is at least a factor of 2–5 times faster than that reported by others 27 – 29 . Our cathodes, produced using this recipe, have demonstrated several weeks lifetime while delivering tens of milliamperes of average current in the DC gun 21 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

Wang

Litvinenko

Pinayev

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam quality. The bialkali photocathodes illuminated by a visible laser have the advantages of high quantum efficiency (QE) and low MTE. Furthermore, Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) guns can operate in the continuous wave (CW) mode at high accelerating gradients, e.g. with significant reduction of the laser spot size at the photocathode. Combining the bialkali photocathode with the SRF gun enables generation of high charge, high brightness, and possibly high average current electron beams. However, integrating the high QE semiconductor photocathode into the SRF guns has been challenging. In this article, we report on the development of bialkali photocathodes for successful operation in the SRF gun with months-long lifetime while delivering CW beams with nano-coulomb charge per bunch. This achievement opens a new era for high charge, high brightness CW electron beams.

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“…A large effort has gone into development of methods for large-area growth of soft photon sensitive cathode materials [48,49], with the goal of achieving efficient photocathodes quickly and cheaply. The geometry of Tipsy puts additional requirements on the photocathodethe need to achieve electron energies similar to those used in a PMT but with two orders of magnitude more compact geometry necessarily leads to higher electric fields, fields more similar to those found in accelerator cavities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tynode: A new vacuum electron multiplier

Graaf

Akhtar

Budko

et al. 2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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By placing, in vacuum, a stack of transmission dynodes (tynodes) on top of a CMOS pixel chip, a single free electron detector could be made with outstanding performance in terms of spatial and time resolution. The essential object is the tynode: an ultra thin membrane, which emits, at the impact of an energetic electron on one side, a multiple of electrons at the other side. The electron yields of tynodes have been calculated by means of GEANT-4 Monte Carlo simulations, applying special lowenergy extensions. The results are in line with another simulation based on a continuous charge-diffusion model. By means of Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, tynodes and test samples have been realised. The secondary electron yield of several samples has been measured in three different setups. Finally, several possibilities to improve the yield are presented.

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Alkali antimonides photocathodes growth using pure metals evaporation from effusion cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

pn -type substrate dependence of CsK2Sb photocathode performance

pn -type substrate dependence of CsK2Sb photocathode performance

Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun

The Tynode: A new vacuum electron multiplier

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