Aflatoxin M1 contamination of cow’s raw milk in different seasons from Qazvin province, Iran

ghajarbeygi, peyman; Palizban, Marziyeh; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Khaniki, Gholamreza Jahed; Pakbin, Babak

doi:10.15412/j.jbtw.01051001

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Higher AFM 1 contamination in milk during winter is similar to the milk samples studied in Iran during winter (average 0.121 μg/L) [54]. Ghajarbeygi, et al [55] reported similar findings of higher contamination during winter in Iran to those presented in Croatia [51,52]. In another study conducted in Pakistan by Asi, Iqbal, Ariño and Hussain [39], higher levels of AFM 1 were documented in the winter season compared to the summer season, with significant difference ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The commercial dairy farmers and farm farmers do not have the concept of standardized and hygienic feed usage. However, there are quite of few research studies which have shown no difference in AFM 1 levels in samples obtained during winter and summer seasons [15,39,55,58]. At the same time, the results of these studies confirmed that the contamination of milk with AFM 1 might be influenced by seasonal variations in different geographical locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

Akbar

Nasir

Naeem

et al. 2019

Toxins

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The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence leads to some health problems. This study investigates the incidence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk samples which were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. The Cluster Random Sampling technique was used to collect 960 milk samples from five different regions, and samples were collected every month. The AFM1 level in raw milk was analyzed by the ELISA technique. The findings demonstrate that 70% of samples exceeded the United States permissible maximum residue limits (MRL 0.50 µg/L), with an overall AFM1 level that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 µg/L. AFM1 contamination varied with the season: The highest average contamination was detected in winter (0.875 µg/L), followed by autumn (0.751 µg/L), spring (0.654 µg/L), and summer (0.455 µg/L). The Eastern region exhibited the highest average AFM1 contamination (0.705 µg/L). Milk samples from the Northern region were found to be widely contaminated, as 86.9% samples exceeded the US MRL, followed by the Eastern region, with 72.3% samples being contaminated with >0.5 µg/L AFM1. The study indicated that the raw milk supply chain was heavily contaminated. Recommendations and remedial measures need to be developed by regulatory authorities to improve the raw milk quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

Akbar

Nasir

Naeem

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…More so, other reports from Iran indicate a higher amount of AFM1 in cow milk than other milk products. The amounts found in the various products by all the studies were found to be higher than that of the EU standard [6] [31] [32].…”

Section: Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When AFB1 is consumed by an animal, it's absorbed within the alimentary canal and metabolized into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) within the liver. This can be excreted in urine and bile but can pass into milk if the animal is lactating [5] [6]. Additionally, AFM1 can even be passed into human milk when AFB1 contaminated food sub-stances are consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It, however, has been documented in previous studies that about 0.3% -6.2% of AFM1 can pass into milk. The extent of contamination depends on the season, (winter being more than summer), environmental and genetic condition of the animal [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. Detection of AFM1 derivate in milk ranges from 12 -24 hours after the ingestion of AFB1, however, there is a decrease in concentration after 72 hours of contact [5] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (<i>Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus</i>) Occurrences in Milk and Milk Products and Its Possible Health Effects

Bukari¹,

Kwofie²,

Adeboye³

2020

AiM

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) occurrence in milk and milk products has been a major concern among food scientists over the past three decades owing to its possible health risk in humans. The well-documented AFM1 associated adverse health outcomes include hepatocarcinogens, mutagens genotoxins, mutagenicity, and teratogen. The paper reviews the occurrence of AFM1 in milk, milk products, and human milk in developing and developed countries, with its safety standards of regulation. The health associated risks with AFM1 are the important methods used in detecting and reducing AFM1 in milk and other milk products are presented.

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Occurrence and associated factors of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

Admasu

Melak

Demissie

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Aflatoxin M1 is the most significant toxin of milk and milk products. It is immunosuppressive, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds to humans. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the concentration of aflatoxin M1 and its determinants in raw cow milk sample intended for human consumption in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia.A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 dairy farmers from January to February 2020. Around 50 ml, 100 raw milk samples were collected for aflatoxin M1 analysis. A simple random sampling technique was applied to get the households.Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between predictor and outcome variables. From the 100 dairy farmers who had participated, 38% had heard about aflatoxin in the milk sample. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in the 99(99%) raw milk samples, of these 41 (41%) exceeded the limit of the European Union. The logistic regression analysis result showed that residence, awareness about the level of aflatoxin in the milk sample, management mold-contaminated animal feed, animal feed storage facility, and grazing systems were significantly associated with the high level of aflatoxin in the milk sample. Almost all milk samples analyzed were positive for aflatoxin M1, and 41% of samples were above the limit set by European Union. Many easily manageable and preventable factors were associated with higher levels of aflatoxin M1 in the milk sample than the European Union limit, which suggests continuous monitoring of milk and milk products is necessary.

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Aflatoxin M1 contamination of cow’s raw milk in different seasons from Qazvin province, Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (<i>Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus</i>) Occurrences in Milk and Milk Products and Its Possible Health Effects

Occurrence and associated factors of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

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Aflatoxin M1 contamination of cow’s raw milk in different seasons from Qazvin province, Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

Occurrence and Seasonal Variations of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk from Punjab, Pakistan

&lt;i&gt;Aflatoxin&lt;/i&gt; M1 (&lt;i&gt;Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus&lt;/i&gt;) Occurrences in Milk and Milk Products and Its Possible Health Effects

Occurrence and associated factors of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

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<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (<i>Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus</i>) Occurrences in Milk and Milk Products and Its Possible Health Effects