Occurrence and associated factors of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

Admasu, Fitalew Tadele; Melak, Addisu; Demissie, Biruk; Yenew, Chalachew; Habtie, Mezgebu Legesse; Bekele, Tigist Tefera; Feyesa, Teka Obsa; Chanie, Ermias Sisay; G, Markeshaw Tiruneh; Medhin,; Malik, Tabarak; Dejenie, Tadesse Asmamaw

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2589

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When we measure it against the Ethiopian standard, the AFM1 concentration in pasteurized milk (0.5%) exceeds it by a significant 247.4%. Other studies conducted in Ethiopia have reported varying prevalence rates, such as 41% in Gondar [34], 68% in the Gurage zone [35], and 67.20% across three regions of Ethiopia [36]. Furthermore, the percentage of AFM1 found in milk from the milksheds in Addis Ababa was even higher than our findings, reaching 100% in all samples tested.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Aflatoxin M1 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults due to Pasteurized Milk Consumption in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tadesse,

Tamene,

Dessie

2024

EJFOOD

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Milk and dairy products stand as essential sources of nutrition across all age groups. However, the presence of Aflatoxin M1, particularly common and risky for young children, necessitates careful assessment of milk. This study, conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in pasteurized milk and assess associated health risks using deterministic techniques. The prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk was 56.6%, with Aflatoxin M1 levels ranging from 0 to 6.27 μg/L and a mean value of 1.237 μg/L. The risk assessment revealed substantial Aflatoxin M1 exposure risk from pasteurized milk consumption, as reflected by margin of exposure values <10,000, specifically 25.9, 109.6, and 380 for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively. The hazard index values for pasteurized milk consumers were 110, 26, and 7.5 for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively. Furthermore, cancer risk calculations yielded values of 0.18, 0.04, and 0.01 per 100,000 population for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively, with an average potency of 0.007978 cases per 100,000/yr ng Aflatoxin M1/kg bw/day. Notably, children aged 2–5 and 6–7 face elevated risks, whereas adults face relatively lower risks.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Aflatoxin M1 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults due to Pasteurized Milk Consumption in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tadesse,

Tamene,

Dessie

2024

EJFOOD

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“…However, there is a scarcity of studies regarding AFM 1 occurrence in dairy products in Ethiopia. Thus far, only three have been published [15][16][17]. These investigations reported the presence of AFM 1 occurrence in milk and cottage cheese in particular district areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk and Cottage Cheese in Adults in Ethiopia

Zebib

Abate

Zewdu

2023

Foods

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Aflatoxin M1 (milk toxin) found in milk is formed from the hepatic biotransformation of AFB1 (aflatoxin B1) and poses a risk to human health when consumed. The risk assessment of AFM1 exposure due to milk consumption is a valuable way to assess health risk. The objective of the present work was to determine an exposure and risk assessment of AFM1 in raw milk and cheese, and it is the first of its kind in Ethiopia. Determination of AFM1 was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that AFM1 was positive in all samples of milk products. The risk assessment was determined using margin of exposure (MOE), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk. The mean EDIs for raw milk and cheese consumers were 0.70 and 0.16 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Our results showed that almost all mean MOE values were <10,000, which suggests a potential health issue. The mean HI values obtained were 3.50 and 0.79 for raw milk and cheese consumers, respectively, which indicates adverse health effects for large consumers of raw milk. For milk and cheese consumers, the mean cancer risk was 1.29 × 10−6 and 2.9 × 10−6 cases/100,000 person/year, respectively, which indicates a low risk for cancer. Therefore, a risk assessment of AFM1 in children should be investigated further as they consume more milk than adults.

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“…In Tanzania, contaminated maize consumption was a main cause of AF exposure in children aged 24-36 months associated with breastfeeding and weaning foods [49]. In Ethiopia, maize and raw cow's milk from different places and agro-ecological zones were contaminated by high levels of AF and confirmed as a serious threat to smallholder farmers [47,50]. However, the investigation of AF contamination of crops in Ethiopia is poorly regulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Aflatoxin M1 Concentration and Its Determinants in School-Age Children in Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Aflatoxins are mycotoxins that can contaminate grains, legumes, and oil seeds. These toxic compounds are an especially serious problem in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of aflatoxin exposure among primary school children in Shebedino woreda, southern Ethiopia, by measuring urinary aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The study employed a cross-sectional design and systematic random sampling of children from eight schools in the district. The mean ± SD age of the children was 9.0 ± 1.8 years. Most (84.6%) households were food insecure with 17.9% severely food insecure. Urinary AFM1 was detected in more than 93% of the children. The median [IQR] concentration of AFM1/Creat was 480 [203, 1085] pg/mg. Based on a multiple regression analysis: DDS, consumption of haricot bean or milk, source of drinking water, maternal education, and household food insecurity access scale scores were significantly associated with urinary AFM1/Creat. In conclusion, a high prevalence of urinary AFM1 was observed in this study. However, the relation between AFM1 and dietary intake was analyzed based on self-reported dietary data; hence, all of the staple foods as well as animal feeds in the study area should be assessed for aflatoxin contamination.

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Occurrence and associated factors of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2020

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Aflatoxin M1 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults due to Pasteurized Milk Consumption in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Aflatoxin M1 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults due to Pasteurized Milk Consumption in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk and Cottage Cheese in Adults in Ethiopia

Urinary Aflatoxin M1 Concentration and Its Determinants in School-Age Children in Southern Ethiopia

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