Advances in 3D Thin‐Film Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

The status and progress toward solid‐state 3D thin‐film Li‐ion microbatteries is reviewed. Planar thin‐film batteries (TFBs) are commercially available. A major issue with planar TFBs, however, is that the total footprint capacity is limited, as only a relatively small electrode volume is available for energy storage. Coating of the complete battery thin‐film stack, i.e., cathode/solid electrolyte/anode, over a 3D microstructured current collector substrate can provide higher footprint capacity as a result of the surface area enhancement. However, thus far, no 3D TFB with footprint capacity exceeding the limit of ≈250 µAh cm−2 are achieved. The authors provide a status of the individual components: thin‐film cathodes, anodes, and thin‐film solid electrolyte conformally coated over 3D substrates with periodic microstructures. Guidance for designing a 3D TFB with optimum capacity is also provided.

Sulfide and Oxide Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Batteries: A Review

“…Furthermore, the fundamentals of ASSBs were reviewed by several authors [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The number of reviews on various aspects of electrolytes, cathodes, mechanical properties, and interface engineering has grown exponentially since 2018 [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ...…”

Pulsed Laser Deposition‐based Thin Film Microbatteries

“…However, the reduction of the anode and cathode volume can result in decreased capacity and although thin film batteries ( Figure 1a) can pack the electrodes more densely, the active/non active material has a ratio of about 1 : 10 compared to 4 : 10 in traditional batteries. [1] Due to this thin film battery volumetric energy is about an order of magnitude lower than conventional batteries. This is due to structural components such as; substrates, packaging and current collectors that take up most of the space.…”

“…This is due to structural components such as; substrates, packaging and current collectors that take up most of the space. [1] It is good to compare the opportunities in terms of battery format between conventional lithium-ion batteries and micro- Figure 1. a) Schematic cross section of an all solid-state thin film battery [3] and b) schematic cross section of conventional battery.…”

“…A cartoon illustrating the possibilities that be obtained from the layer-by-layer approach used in PLD film growth. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the grown film in cross section, atomic resolution provided by high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) image along the [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] direction with the corresponding atomic arrangement. [51] 3.…”

“…Portable consumer electronics, such as smart watches, mobile phones and laptops have long been the driving force behind the development of the Li-ion battery (LIB). [1] Since their commercialisation in 1991 by Sony, [2] LIB's energy requirements have continued to expand despite the downsizing of electrical components. The shrinking of electronic devices coupled with the need for more power density requires batteries to shrink in size whilst increasing in storage capacity and power density.…”