Advance Method for Security Enhancement in Optical Code Division Multiple Access System

Gupta, Sumit; Goel, Aditya

doi:10.1080/03772063.2017.1351314

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)-based optical access networks, adding and removing a specific WDM channel at each subscriber's node requires a wavelength-selective optical add/drop filter [10][11][12]. The technology of DWDM has been used in these WDM-based optical networks for the purpose of optimizing the available transmission bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers: Enhancing High Transmission Bit Rates in Next-Generation Communication Networks

Dunya Zeki Mohammed

2024

ARASET

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The development of optical networks in the telecommunications sector is becoming much closer by considering the help of an Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) based on a novel technology called Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). The objective of the current study to examine high transmission bit rates for next-generation optical communication networks using the technology of OADM Based on DWDM. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed via MATLAB software to predict three main parameters in this filed such as transmitted signal power (PT), transmitted signal bandwidth (B.Wsig), and transmission bit rate capacity (Bsh) at different fiber cable lengths, such as L=200, 250, and 300 km. The ANNs results showed that, standard error (SE) for predicting PT as a function of the number of transmitted channels (Nch) was 0.115 mW, 0.095 mW and 0.077 mW, for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067 GHz, 0.051 GHz and 0.040 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.665, 1.311 Gbit/sec and 1.076Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The SE for predicting PT as a function of the Signal Wavelength (λ) was 0.116, 0.096 and 0.079 mW for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Additionally, the SE for predicting B.Wsig was 0.067, 0.052 and 0.052 GHz for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. Lastly, the SE for predicting Bsh was 1.688, 1.417 and 1.110 Gbit/sec for 200, 250 and 300 km, respectively. The low SE in ANNs demonstrated the efficiency, motivating further advancements in optimizing network performance for high-bit-rate transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers: Enhancing High Transmission Bit Rates in Next-Generation Communication Networks

Dunya Zeki Mohammed

2024

ARASET

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“…In the recent years, optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique has attracted much attention due to its ability to permit multiple users sharing the same bandwidth of the channel asynchronously and synchronously through providing each user its own code (Alayedi et al 2020a;Cherifi et al 2019;Alayedi et al 2019;Alayedi et al 2020b;Cherifi et al 2016;Cherifi et al 2018;Gupta and Goel 2017;Abd et al 2014;Nisar 2016). Moreover, this technique has several features like multi data transmission service, high security level, random access user, adaptable and scalable network and packet collisions absence' (Cherifi et al 2019;Durand et al 2016;Durand et al 2012;Martinez et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, incoherent systems depend on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) in encoding and decoding operations (Alayedi et al 2020a;Cherifi et al 2020;Cherifi et al 2019).Spectral amplitude coding-OCDMA (SAC-OCDMA) system suffers from multiple access interference (MAI) leading to a degradation of the system performance (Durand et al 2012;Mrabet et al 2009;Okassa M'foubat et al 2012). This issue can be eliminated if the codes will have constant in phase cross correlation value (Gupta and Goel 2017). Also, OCDMA system is affected by multiple noise sources such as dark current, thermal noise and shot noise from spectra overlapping due to different users sharing the network facilities (Arief et al 2013;Durand et al 2016;Feng et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A performance investigation of SAC-OCDMA system based on a spectral efficient 2D cyclic shift code for next generation passive optical network

et al. 2021

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A two dimensional spectral/spatial cyclic shift (2D-CS) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems is proposed for a potentially next generation passive optical network (NG-PON) implementation called (2D-CS NG-OCDMA-PON) system. The2D-CS proposed code is characterized by a high capacity and a zero cross correlation property leads to completely eliminating the multiple access interference (MAI) effect that is considered as the main OCDMA system drawback. Firstly, the 2D-CScode construction is investigated from 1D-CS code. Secondly, a system description is provided by exhibiting the transmitter and receiver architecture in the PON context. Analytical analysis reveals that our proposed 2D-CScode outperforms similar codes such as perfect difference (2D-PD) and dynamic cyclic shift (2D-DCS) codes in terms of spectral efficiency, simultaneous network subscribers and data bit rate. In addition, based on numerical analysis 2D-CS NG-OCDMA-PON system shows a good system performance by means of avery low BER and a high Qfactor values equal to10 −26 and 10.41 dB, respectively. Likewise, for four users and free-amplification the achievable reach ability distance of the NG-OCDMA-PON system is 63.21 km, 43.57 km and 33.2 km while Q-factor is equal to 6 dB at a bit rate of 622Mb/s, 1Gb/s and 1.5 Gb/s, respectively. On the other side, according to the system setup the number of single mode fiber (SMF) is reduced to the half compared to other 2D-OCDMA-PON systems based on enhanced multi diagonal (EMD) and single weight ZCC (SWZCC) codes.

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“…Better code weight increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. [17][18][19] MD codes employ data and code segment to produce the code; along with it there exists a trade-off between the cross correlation and the length of the code. [20][21][22][23][24] Enhanced double weight (EDW) code had a limitation of the code weight of any odd number >1, which was further eliminated with the usage of the algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on developments in all-optical spectral amplitude coding techniques

Kaur

Singh

2018

Opt. Eng.

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The focus of this work is to consolidate a review of accomplished research in the field of optical code division multiple accesses (OCDMA), to outline the state-of-the-art comparison, and to recognize the prominent trends as well as limitations. Code division multiple access (CDMA) has prospered as a vital solution for numerous applications such as cellular mobile communication-based wireless network technology and wired/wireless local area networks that include areas of unlicensed industry, medicine, and science. Due to the commercial utilization of the various advantages of CDMA, it has raised the matter of whether optical technology reliant communications provide the noteworthy advantages to optical networks as well as what are the technologies that facilitate optical chip-based (code division) networks. Aforementioned matter has been addressed in the context of the incorporation of OCDMA in the systems through several experiments of laboratory-based test-bed investigations, field trials, and simulation analysis of multiple users in the recent research works. The performance of OCDMA has an edge over wavelength division multiplexing and offers an unmatched capacity that is seen through simulations. To cater the explosive expansions in internet application, different spectral amplitude codes have been proposed till now. We present a review of the different spectral amplitude codes based on the reported works in spectral amplitude code OCDMA systems. For the purpose of state-of-the-art comparison, parameters considered are data speeds, advanced modulation formats, bit error rate, extinction ratio, decision algorithms, photonic efficiencies of photodetectors, frequency bands, signal-to-noise ratio, forward error correction, photodetector noises, etc., and simulations are carried out in similar input environments. We explore the advantages/limitations of the spectral amplitude codes, recent progress in the technology, practical works on spectral amplitude coding (SAC) throughout the world, encryption-decryption techniques, all-optical methods, literature comparison, future scope, and applications of the SAC-OCDMA codes.

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Advance Method for Security Enhancement in Optical Code Division Multiple Access System

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers: Enhancing High Transmission Bit Rates in Next-Generation Communication Networks

Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers: Enhancing High Transmission Bit Rates in Next-Generation Communication Networks

A performance investigation of SAC-OCDMA system based on a spectral efficient 2D cyclic shift code for next generation passive optical network

Review on developments in all-optical spectral amplitude coding techniques

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