Adsorption of coliphages T1 and T7 to clay minerals

Schiffenbauer, M.; Stotzky, G.

doi:10.1128/aem.43.3.590-596.1982

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The association of viruses with clay minerals has been attributed to the large surface area and high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clays. The mechanisms and sites of sorption differ for different viruses and are influenced by characteristics of the clays such as anion exchange capacity (AEC), CEC, and AEC to CEC ratios (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky, 1982). Both positively and negatively charged sites on clay minerals are involved in virus sorption.…”

Section: Clay Mineralssupporting

confidence: 72%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Soil Properties on Saturated and Unsaturated Virus Transport through Columns

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses from contaminant sources can be transported through porous media to drinking water wells. The objective of this study was to investigate inactivation and sorption of viruses during saturated and unsaturated transport in different soils. Bacteriophages phiX174 and MS-2, and Br- tracer in a phosphate-buffered saline solution were introduced into saturated and unsaturated soil columns as a step function under constant flow rate and hydraulic conditions. Results showed that significantly greater virus removal occurred in the unsaturated columns than in the saturated columns in the two soils containing high metal oxides content. However, the increase in virus retention under unsaturated conditions was not significant in two other soils having high phosphorus and calcium contents and high pH, and in another soil with high organic matter content. The results imply that the extent of water content effect on inactivation and sorption of viruses can range from significant to minimal depending on the properties of the transport medium. We found that the presence of in situ metal oxides was a significant factor responsible for virus sorption and inactivation. Therefore, soils with high metal oxides content may have the potential to be used as hydrological barriers in preventing microbial contamination in the subsurface environments. We also found that the water content effect on virus removal and inactivation strongly depended on solid properties of the testing medium.

show abstract

Section: Clay Mineralssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Lipson andStotzky (1983, 1985) found that reovirus was sorbed more onto montmorillonite than onto kaolinite. Schiffenbauer and Stotzky (1982) showed that maximum sorption of coliphages ite was one of the least effective minerals in virus sorption. Insufficient information is available from the φX174 in saturated California soil column.…”

Section: Clay Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Properties on Saturated and Unsaturated Virus Transport through Columns

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the literature has focused on the effect of environmental conditions (clay type, clay charge distribution [Lipson and Stotzky 1985;Christian et al 2006;Templeton et al 2008], pH [Zhuang and Jin 2008;Walshe et al 2010], ionic strength [Tong et al 2012], buffer composition [Zhuang and Jin 2008;Gutierrez et al 2010], and cation exchange capacity [Lipson and Stotzky 1983;Vettori et al 1999]), the surface morphology of viruses has been largely ignored. The attachment of phages T1, T7, T2, PBS1, or φX174 to cation exchanged clay is related to positively charged sites on clay edges (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky 1982;Chattopadhyay and Puls 1999;Vettori et al 2000). However, Lipson and Stotzky (1983) found that reovirus adsorption occurs at negatively charged sites on cation exchanged kaolinite and MMT, consistent with Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO) (Derjaguin and Landau 1941;Verwey and Overbeek 1948) theory of colloidal aggregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Disassembly of the cystovirus ϕ6 envelope by montmorillonite clay

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prior studies of clay–virus interactions have focused on the stability and infectivity of nonenveloped viruses, yielding contradictory results. We hypothesize that the surface charge distribution of the clay and virus envelope dictates how the components react and affect aggregation, viral stability, and infectivity. The bacteriophage Cystoviridae species φ6 used in this study is a good model for enveloped pathogens. The interaction between φ6 and montmorillonite (MMT) clay (the primary component of bentonite) is explored by transmission electron microscopy. The analyses show that MMT–φ6 mixtures undergo heteroaggregation, forming structures in which virtually all the virions are either sequestered between MMT platelet layers or attached to platelet edges. The virions swell and undergo disassembly resulting in partial or total envelope loss. Edge-attached viral envelopes distort to increase contact area with the positively charged platelet edges indicating that the virion surface is negatively charged. The nucleocapsid (NCs) remaining after envelope removal also exhibit distortion, in contrast to detergent-produced NCs which exhibit no distortion. This visually discernible disassembly is a mechanism for loss of infectivity previously unreported by studies of nonenveloped viruses. The MMT-mediated sequestration and disassembly result in reduced infectivity, suggesting that clays may reduce infectivity of enveloped pathogenic viruses in soils and sediments.

show abstract

“…The experimental and control were centrifuged at 8000 Â g for 10 min, followed by decanting of the supernatant, and then fixation of the bacteria for 5 min in 1% glutaraldehyde/4% paraformaldehyde. Five microliter of the fixed bacterial preparation were placed on formvar-coated, 300-mesh grids for 5 min followed by staining with phosphotungstic acid for 15 s. Excess fluid was removed with absorbent paper (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky, 1982). Specimens were examined using an Amray 1850-FE scanning electron microscope.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral effects on bacteriophages and rotavirus by cranberry juice

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies were undertaken to investigate the antiviral effects of comestible juices, especially cranberry juice, on non-related viral species. After exposure of bacteriophage T2 to a commercially available cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) juice cocktail (CJ), virus infectivity titer was no longer detectible. After a 60-min exposure to orange (OJ) and grapefruit juices (GJ), phage infectivity was reduced to 25-35% of control, respectively. Similar data were observed for the bacteriophage T4. CJ inactivation of phage T4 was rapid, dose-dependent, and occurred at either 4 or 23 degrees C. Neither pH nor differences in sugar/carbohydrate levels among the juices may be ascribed to the recognized antiviral effects. Further studies were performed to identify the occurrence of antiviral activity by CJ to a mammalian enteric virus. The treatment of the simian rotavirus SA-11 with a 20% CJ suspension was sufficient to inhibit hemagglutination. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, CJ was observed to inhibit the adsorption of phage T4 to its bacterial host cells and prevented the replication of rotavirus in its monkey kidney (MA-104) host cells, respectively. The data suggest, for the first time, a non-specific antiviral effect towards unrelated viral species (viz., bacteriophages T2 and T4 and the simian rotavirus SA-11) by a commercially available cranberry fruit juice drink.

show abstract

Adsorption of coliphages T1 and T7 to clay minerals

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Soil Properties on Saturated and Unsaturated Virus Transport through Columns

Effect of Soil Properties on Saturated and Unsaturated Virus Transport through Columns

Disassembly of the cystovirus ϕ6 envelope by montmorillonite clay

Antiviral effects on bacteriophages and rotavirus by cranberry juice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About