Postdiagnosis diet and alcohol consumption may be associated with cancer prognosis, recurrence and mortality. Our aim was to investigate food, nutrient and alcohol intake variations between before and after cancer diagnosis and their determinants in a prospective cohort. Subjects (n = 696) were incident cancer cases diagnosed in the NutriNet‐Santé cohort between 2009 and 2016. Food, nutrient and alcohol intakes were prospectively collected using repeated nonconsecutive 24‐hr dietary records since subjects' inclusion (i.e. an average of 2 y before diagnosis). Mean number of dietary records per subject was 5.9 before and 8.1 after diagnosis. All dietary data before and after diagnosis were compared by mixed models. Factors associated with the main dietary changes observed were also investigated using multivariable logistic regressions. We observed a decrease in intakes of vegetables (mean decrease in intake in patients who decreased their intake=‐102.4 ± 79.8 g/d), dairy products (–93.9 ± 82.8 g/d), meat/offal (–35.5 ± 27.8/d), soy products (–85.8 ± 104.1 g/d), sweetened soft drinks (–77.9 ± 95.4 g/d), and alcoholic drinks (–92.9 ± 119.9 g/d), and an increase in broths (42.1 ± 34.9 g/d) and fats/sauces (18.0 ± 13.4 g/d). We observed a decrease in energy intake (–377.2 ± 243.5 kcal/d) and in intakes of alcohol (–7.6 ± 9.4 g/d) proteins (–17.4 ± 12.5 g/d), and several vitamins (p < 0.05) and micronutrients (p < 0.05). Conversely, lipid (19.4 ± 14.6 g/d), SFA (9.3 ± 7.0 g/d), MUFA (8.3 ± 6.3 g/d) and vitamin E (3.9 ± 3.3 mg/d) intakes increased after diagnosis. This large prospective study suggests that cancer diagnosis is a key period for nutritional changes. It highlights some healthy behaviors such as a decrease in alcohol and sweetened drink consumption, but also less favorable trends, such as a decrease in vegetable consumption and in many vitamin and mineral intakes. These results provide insights to identify and target recommendations to put forward for better nutritional care of cancer survivors.

Studies were undertaken to investigate the antiviral effects of comestible juices, especially cranberry juice, on non-related viral species. After exposure of bacteriophage T2 to a commercially available cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) juice cocktail (CJ), virus infectivity titer was no longer detectible. After a 60-min exposure to orange (OJ) and grapefruit juices (GJ), phage infectivity was reduced to 25-35% of control, respectively. Similar data were observed for the bacteriophage T4. CJ inactivation of phage T4 was rapid, dose-dependent, and occurred at either 4 or 23 degrees C. Neither pH nor differences in sugar/carbohydrate levels among the juices may be ascribed to the recognized antiviral effects. Further studies were performed to identify the occurrence of antiviral activity by CJ to a mammalian enteric virus. The treatment of the simian rotavirus SA-11 with a 20% CJ suspension was sufficient to inhibit hemagglutination. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, CJ was observed to inhibit the adsorption of phage T4 to its bacterial host cells and prevented the replication of rotavirus in its monkey kidney (MA-104) host cells, respectively. The data suggest, for the first time, a non-specific antiviral effect towards unrelated viral species (viz., bacteriophages T2 and T4 and the simian rotavirus SA-11) by a commercially available cranberry fruit juice drink.

Dietary supplements (DS) may influence cancer prognosis. Their use in cancer patients has been described in the United States, but data are largely lacking in Europe and notably in France. The present study's objectives were (1) to assess DS use and its sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary correlates in a large sample of French cancer survivors; (2) to evaluate the involvement of physicians in such DS use; and (3) to assess the extent of potentially harmful practices. Data were collected by self-administered web-based questionnaires among participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Data on DS use was available for 1081 cancer survivors. DS users were compared to nonusers with unconditional logistic regressions. DS use was reported by 62 % of women and 29 % of men. Vitamins D, B 6 , C and Mg were the most frequently consumed nutrients. 14 % of cancer survivors initiated DS use after diagnosis. For 35 % of the DS consumed, subjects did not inform their attending physician. DS use was associated with a healthier lifestyle (normal weight, never smoking and better diet) and substantially contributed to nutrient intake. 18 % of DS users had potentially harmful DS use practices, such as the simultaneous use of vitamin E and anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents, the use of b-carotene and smoking or the use of phyto-oestrogens in hormonedependent cancer patients. The present study suggests that DS use is widespread among cancer survivors, a large amount of that use is performed without any medical supervision and a substantial proportion of that use involves potentially harmful practices. Physicians should be encouraged to more routinely discuss DS use with their cancer patients. Key words: Dietary supplements: Motivations: Correlates: Cancer survivorsWhen disconcerted by their illness and disappointed by traditional medicine, cancer patients can move towards complementary and alternative medicines, including the use of dietary supplements (DS). However, the impact of DS on cancer prognosis, risk of recurrence and risk of second cancer remains unclear (1) . Although the beneficial effects of DS taken during or after cancer treatment are not excluded (2 -4) , several studies have reported adverse effects of some DS on cancer prognoses (1,5 -8) . Presently, it is recommended that phyto-oestrogen DS should be avoided with hormone-dependent cancer patients (6,9) . Similarly, b-carotene DS should not be used with cancer patients or with healthy people who are smokers (10 -12) . In addition, studies haveshown that some vitamin/mineral or herbal DS may interact with anti-cancer or other active treatments (9,13 -15) . This may be particularly problematic if attending physicians have no knowledge of the self-medication practices in their patients. According to a recent review of US studies, 56 -68 % of physicians are not aware of DS use among their cancer patients (16) . In this context, it is essential to assess DS use and its correlates in cancer patients and survivors. Such observational studies have been published...

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