Adalimumab and methotrexate affect the concentrations of regulatory cytokines (interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor‐β1, and interleukin‐35) in patients with plaque psoriasis

Abstract

Dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes are important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. We analyzed the severity of atherosclerosis and the concentration of regulatory cytokines in patients with psoriasis who were administered methotrexate or adalimumab for 12 weeks. We included 34 patients with psoriasis (17 each, administered methotrexate or adalimumab) and eight healthy volunteers. BMI, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and at least 75% and 90% improvements in PASI were observed. The 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was estimated using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation charts. The plasma interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the 12-week treatment regimen. PASI (P = .0006) and BSA (P = .0001) were positively correlated with the BMI, IL-35 (−0.38), and IL-10 (0.48) levels. Baseline IL-35 concentrations were the highest in healthy volunteers; the IL-10 and TGF-β1 level were the highest in the methotrexate group. IL-10 concentration decreased in both treatment groups (P = .02 for the methotrexate and P = .09 for adalimumab group), and IL-35 decreased in the adalimumab group (P = .019), consistent with skin lesion recovery. Thus, this study demonstrates the dysregulated secretion of regulatory cytokines in psoriatic patients under systemic treatment.

Pro‐inflammatory versus anti‐inflammatory cytokines in psoriatic patients (case–control study)

“…This was comparable to study that show in PsO cases, IL-35 lev- the pathogenesis of psoriasis. 24 The current study has a main strength point as its included all these markers together, correlated between them and with disease severity and different cutoff points were revealed to differentiate between the cases and controls. The relatively small sample size and being a single-center study are the two major limitations of our study that could decrease the power of the obtained results.…”

“…IL‐35 could be used as a therapeutic target of atherosclerosis because of its atheroprotective qualities. It suppresses the expression of cytokines associated with Th‐1 and Th‐17 lymphocytes and assist in the induction of T‐reg lymphocytes (and their cytokines like IL‐10 and TGF‐β), thereby modulating the immune response by contributing to the pathogenesis of psoriasis 24 …”

The effect of cigarette smoking on serum levels of regulatory cytokines and molecules involved in atherogenesis during systemic treatment of psoriasis – results of a preliminary study

“…A detailed description of the studied group, the methods used, and the statistical analysis employed has been already published. 36,37 The study group comprised 34 patients (27 men and 7 women) aged 30-73 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The control group consisted of 8 healthy volunteers aged 30-57 years.…”

Methotrexate and cardiovascular prevention: an appraisal of the current evidence

“…In patients with plaque psoriasis, 12-week methotrexate treatment was associated with a significant reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 ( p = 0.02). 184 Additional uncertainties regarding the clinical relevance of the modulation of cytokine pathways by methotrexate derive from a sub-analysis of the previously described CIRT study, which showed that methotrexate treatment failed to significantly reduce the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 during follow-up. Interestingly, in this study, methotrexate also failed to significantly reduce the concentrations of CRP.…”