Acute effects of copper on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater teleost fish, Esomus danricus

Abstract

Static-renewal bioassays [Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macro-invertebrates and amphibians: USEPA, ERS, EPA 660/3 75-009 (1975)] were carried out on Esomus danricus exposed to sub-lethal (0.55 mg/l) and lethal (5.5 mg/l) concentrations of copper. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) was 5.5 mg/l. Biochemical stress responses, such as visceral superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, were measured during this 96-h period. Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was present at elevated levels in the visceral tissue of copper-exposed fish. Copper was found to be highly toxic to the fish and induced significant declines (p < 0.05-0.001) in all of the biochemical profiles studied, demonstrating a linear and positive correlation with both the concentration and duration of exposure to copper. In E. danricus, CAT appeared to be more sensitive to copper exposure (p < 0.001) than SOD at both lethal and sub-lethal levels. These results indicate that antioxidant responses can be employed as biomarkers of oxidative stress for this species in aquatic environments contaminated with copper.

Biochemical, haematological and oxidative stress responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after sub-chronic exposure to copper

“…In the present study, substantial changes were revealed in GST and CAT activities. A decline in CAT activity at the highest copper concentration might be related to the inhibition of enzyme synthesis, or the direct binding of copper to -SH groups of this enzyme (Vutukuru et al 2006), and/or the exhaustion of its activity due to the flux of superoxide radicals (Kono and Fridovich 1982).…”

Assessment of the effect of nanomaterials on sediment-dwelling invertebrate Chironomus tentans larvae

“…Therefore, any significant change in antioxidant levels alter peroxidation as their production above normal levels renders it non-feasible to quench the excess free radicals generated (Vutukuru et al, 2006). An increase in catalase enzyme activity at concentrations exceeding 50 μg/kg for γ-alumina, α-alumina, precipitated silica, Sb 2 O 5…”

Toxicity of 8-Hydroxyquinoline in Cryprinus carpio Using the Acute Toxicity Test, Hepatase Activity Analysis and the Comet Assay

“…The main advantages of the comet assay include: (1) the collection of data at the level of individual cells, allowing more robust statistical analyses, (2) the need for a small number of cells per sample (\10,000), (3) sensitivity for detecting DNA damage and (4) use of any eukaryotic single cell population both in vitro and in vivo (Nan et al 2013a, b). Therefore, the comet assay has been widely used for quantifying and analyzing DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell (Vutukuru et al 2006;Topè and Rogers 2009;Li et al 2012;Azqueta and Collins 2013;Ventura et al 2013;Ganesan et al 2014). In the present study, after electrophoresis and observation by fluorescence microscopy, the damaged DNA in hepatic cells was separated from the intact DNA (the ''head'') which generated a comet ''tail'' in C. carpio (Fig.…”