Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to Fusarium species and review of the literature on fungal cholecystitis

Abstract

Summary Fungal cholecystitis is an uncommon entity, and no cases of cholecystitis associated with mould infection have been reported. We present a case of acute Fusarium cholecystitis in a cytopenic patient with leukaemia who had disseminated fusariosis. We also review the published cases of fungal cholecystitis, which is most often caused by Candida species. Although it is rare, fungal cholecystitis should be part of the differential diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in high‐risk patients with predisposing factors for opportunistic fungal infections.

Environmental and Lifestyle Risk Factors in the Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder Cancer

“…About 86% of these cholecystitis cases had Candida species as a single microbial agent isolated from gallbladder tissue or fluids, whereas the remaining 14% of cases had one or more co-infecting bacteria. The Candida species found were Candida albicans (67%), Candida glabrata (14%), Candida parapsilosis (12%), and Candida tropicalis (7%) [162]. Interestingly, a particular fungi genus known as Fusarium was also isolated from cholecystitis samples in a neutropenic patient with leukemia who was previously diagnosed with disseminated fusariosis [162].…”

“…The Candida species found were Candida albicans (67%), Candida glabrata (14%), Candida parapsilosis (12%), and Candida tropicalis (7%) [162]. Interestingly, a particular fungi genus known as Fusarium was also isolated from cholecystitis samples in a neutropenic patient with leukemia who was previously diagnosed with disseminated fusariosis [162]. In addition, a retrospective study that analyzed the bile of patients between 2014 and 2019 who underwent a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) for obstructive jaundice found that out of 71 patients, only 5 had a positive Candida culture (two cases of cholangiocarcinoma and only one of GBC) [17].…”

HAV-induced Acalculous cholecystitis: A case report and literature review

“…Gram-negative bacteria, such as K.bacillus, Samonella spp, Brucellosis, Vibrio cholera , Coxiella burnetii , andleptospirosis , 2. gram positive bacteria, such asE.faecalis, S.fusarium spp, Lactococcus spp, Proteus, andPsuedomonas, 3. viral infections, such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Dengue virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis (A, B, C, E). 16,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] The main clinical features of AAC are fever, nausea and vomiting, icterus, abdominal pain (mostly in the right upper quadrant), and positive Murphy's sign. 22 Laboratory investigations may show increased ALT, AST, ALK, total and direct bilirubin; however, normal levels do not rule out the disease.…”

Correlation of Inpatients Suffering from Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis during ICU Treatment with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score, Duration of Ventilator Use, and Time on Total Parenteral Nutrition

“…Most ICU patients are acutely and critically ill with multiple organ dysfunction, making them vulnerable to AAC. These patients are unable to express their symptoms on their own, which, when combined with pharmaceutical interventions, examination limitations, and other factors, leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a high clinical mortality rate for AAC patients [17][18][19][20]. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to AAC in clinic to clarify the potential pathogenic factors of AAC, and the development of targeted preventive measures for patients at high risk of AAC is urgent.…”