Acetylation Modification Improves Immunoregulatory Effect of Polysaccharide from Seeds of Plantago asiatica L.

Abstract

The current study was conducted to investigate effects of acetylated Plantago asiatica L. polysaccharides (Ac-PLCPs) on their immunoregulatory activities in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) model. Influences of natural Plantago asiatica L. crude polysaccharide (PLCP) and Ac-PLCPs on inducing phenotypic and functional maturation on DCs were determined. The results showed that Ac-PLCPs with degree of substitution (DS) from 0.06 to 0.1 could not only stimulate the expression of surface molecules major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), and CD80 on DCs ( < 0.01) but also increase the secretion of cytokine IL-12p70 ( < 0.01). The endocytosis activity of DCs was attenuated by Ac-PLCPs treatment ( < 0.01), while the mRNA expressions of chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 in DCs were significantly increased ( < 0.01). Besides, DCs treated with the Ac-PLCPs showed extremely strong T cell proliferation stimulating activity ( < 0.01). These data showed that Ac-PLCPs had higher maturation-stimulating activity on DCs than PLCP, which indicated that acetylation modification improved the immunoregulatory effect of PLCP.

Structural analysis and anti‐obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high‐fat diet in mice

“…An acetyl group is a functional group of the polysaccharides that can affect the solubility, charge density and conformation of native polysaccharides, leading to the change of bioactivities (Chen et al, 2014). Elsewhere, the acetylated polysaccharides have been shown to have higher bioactivities than that of unmodified polysaccharide (Zhang, et al, 2014;Jin et al, 2017;Jiang, et al, 2018). Leptin (INS), an adipokine synthesized and secreted by the white adipose tissue, is a potent suppressant of appetite, and its lipolytic effect is mediated by sympathetic neurons that innervate adipocytes (Zeng et al, 2015).…”

“…An acetyl group is a functional group of the polysaccharides that can affect the solubility, charge density and conformation of native polysaccharides, leading to the change of bioactivities (Chen et al ., 2014). Elsewhere, the acetylated polysaccharides have been shown to have higher bioactivities than that of unmodified polysaccharide (Zhang, et al ., 2014; Jin et al ., 2017; Jiang, et al ., 2018).…”

DoRWA3 from Dendrobium officinale Plays an Essential Role in Acetylation of Polysaccharides

“…Acetyl groups affect the biological activities of polysaccharides in many edible and medicinal plants, such as Cyclocarya paliurus [ 29 ], Dendrobium huoshanense [ 30 ], D. officinale [ 31 ] and Plantago asiatica [ 32 ], Amorphophallus konjac [ 33 ] and Aloe vera [ 34 ]. Konjac glucomannan (KGM), which is extracted from the corm of A. konjac [ 35 ], consisting of β-1,4-linked mannose and glucose residues (molar ratio: 1.6:1) with substituted acetyl groups.…”

Review of structure and bioactivity of the Plantago (Plantaginaceae) polysaccharides

“…A later in-depth study by their team found that this polysaccharide induced DC cell maturation by triggering TLR4 to mediate the MAPK and NF-κB pathways ( Huang et al, 2014 , Jiang et al, 2018 ). They also found that carboxymethylation and acetylation modification could improve the immunoregulatory effect of this polysaccharide with higher maturation-stimulating activity on DCs ( Jiang et al, 2018 , Jiang et al, 2014 ). This polysaccharide could also stimulate macrophage proliferation, which involves TLR2 and TLR4 MAPK signaling pathways ( Hu et al, 2016 ).…”