Structural analysis and anti‐obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high‐fat diet in mice

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the physicochemical properties of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP) and evaluated its effects in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Experimentally, PCP was established as a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with both α‐ and β‐configurations, and its estimated average molecular weight was ˜5.1 kDa. Besides, we discovered its major monosaccharides, including galactose, mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucose. PCP markedly decreased obesity‐related parameters, improved serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and leptin levels and reversed insulin resistance. It also reduced the hepatic infiltration of lipid droplets and the size of adipocytes in adipose tissues. Finally, PCP simulation significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). On the contrary, it increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) levels closely related to thermogenesis and glucolipid metabolism. Taken together, these findings have provided evidence that PCP could be a potential anti‐obesity ingredient in preventing diet‐induced obesity.

Recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural-property correlations, and antiobesity mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: a review

“…After the TCM water extracts are obtained, the isolation and purification process need to be first carried out by removing the non-polysaccharide components. The polysaccharides obtained through ethanol precipitation has been partly cleansed through deproteination as well as decoloration ( 38 , 43 , 44 ) before further being isolated and purified via dialysis ( 16 ), ultrafiltration ( 29 , 45 ), membrane separation ( 18 , 21 ), ion-exchange chromatography ( 46 ), gel filtration chromatograph ( 45 , 47 , 48 ), along with other methods. Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of the TCMPOs extraction and purification procedure.…”

“…In particular, the antiobesity activity of TCMPs has attracted the most attention. Multiple TCM-derived antiobesogenic polysaccharides (TCMPOs), such as Zingiber striolatum polysaccharides ( 13 ), Rosa laevigata polysaccharides ( 5 ), Lycium barbarum polysaccharides ( 14 ), Cymodocea nodosa polysaccharides ( 15 ), Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides ( 16 ), Laminaria japonica polysaccharides ( 17 ), and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides ( 18 ), have been reported to have antiobesity effects. Considering different therapeutic leads, TCMPOs have two primary benefits over synthetic medications and bariatric procedures.…”

“…Initially, the historical application of TCMs provides reliable empirical evidence for their safety. The antiobesity activity of naturally derived TCMPOs is more inclined to long-term effectiveness and safety and could be more acceptable by the public due to its distinct benefits, like affordable, few side effects as well as low risk ( 12 , 16 ). Second, the antiobesity mechanism of TCMPOs is different from that of synthetic drugs; polysaccharides are hardly digestible and unabsorbable and can act on intestinal microbiota or intestinal hormones after oral administration, thereby producing potential antiobesity effects in the host ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Advances in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity

“…It is seen that PSPs have a wide Mw range of 2.2-4,400 kDa, reflecting a huge difference in molecule size and property. These Mw data of PSPs were all detected by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) (2,5,14,15,(41)(42)(43)(44), while this method can only provide approximate Mw information. By the HPGPC method, the Mws of PSPs were calculated based on the linear dextran standards (0.18-2,000 kDa) calibration, but different standards significantly affected the Mw results (45).…”

Impact of phenolic extracts and potassium hydroxycitrate of Hibiscus sabdariffa on adipogenesis: a cellular study

“…Obesity is currently managed with the use of lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy (Singh et al ., 2020). Fewer research is focused on the application food bioactive ingredients in the treatment and prevention of obesity (Liang et al ., 2021; An et al ., 2022). Among several anti‐obesity mechanisms, research has largely been focused on treating or preventing obesity through the inhibition of adipogenesis (Jang et al ., 2016; Podsędek et al ., 2020; Guillemet et al ., 2022).…”