Acceleration of Purine Degradation by Periodontal Diseases

Barnes, Virginia Monsul; Teles, Ricardo; Trivedi, Harsh M.; DeVizio, William; Xu, Tao; Mitchell, Matthew; Milburn, Michael V.; Guo, Lining

doi:10.1177/0022034509341967

Cited by 94 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results were consistent with the findings of Mazumdar et al (2009), in which computational construction and analysis of the genome-scale metabolic network of P. gingivalis were employed. Even though the relative abundance of three genes involved in glycolysis was increased and that of the other two genes was decreased in periodontitis samples, the alteration of maltose, glucose, fructose and xylose metabolism genes was not evident, and this disagrees with other studies carried on saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and single pathogenic bacterium P. gingivalis Strain W83 (Nelson et al, 2003;Barnes et al, 2009Barnes et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The increased peptides and amino acids would supply as a richer energy pool for the expansion of some specific organisms relying on oligopeptides as carbon and energy sources (Takahashi and Sato, 2002) that ultimately influences the microbial and functional structure. In the present study, genes encoding lysine decarboxylase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase PLP-binding and argininosuccinate lyase exhibited a higher abundance in periodontitis that might lead to the increasing of many amino acid metabolites in periodontal patients (Barnes et al, 2009(Barnes et al, , 2011. Among the genes involved in amino acid synthesis with distinct abundance, 15 out of 19 genes showed lower relative abundance in periodontitis, indicating that subgingival community of periodontal group might utilize some ammonia absorbed directly for physiological activities instead of biosynthesizing themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

150

126

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Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

150

126

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“…Acceleration in purine degradation and increased oxidative stress is a known indication of chronic inflammation [26,27]. Similarly, several purine degradation metabolites were significantly altered between the study cohorts ( Figures 3A and 3B).…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Global metabolomic profiles reveal differences in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in smokers and moist snuff consumers

Prasad¹,

Jones²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2015

J Metabolomics

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Background: The existing US epidemiological data show that long-term cigarette smokers are at higher risk of developing serious diseases relative to moist snuff consumers. To understand the effects of tobacco consumption, global metabolomic profiles were generated. Here, we describe metabolomic changes in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. Methods: Matching plasma, urine, and saliva samples from chronic/long-term smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC), and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), 40 subjects in each cohort, were collected in a crosssectional biomarker discovery study. Untargeted metabolomics and data analyses were performed using Metabolon's proprietary technology. Results: Several biochemicals that significantly differed between study cohorts were identified in all three matrices, with most metabolites found in urine. Random forest analyses of the metabolomes grouped study subjects with a high accuracy and indicated that nicotine and its metabolites primarily drive separation between the NTC and MSC; otherwise, metabolomic profiles of NTC and MSC are more similar to each other, and SMK appear to manifest a distinct metabolomic profile. SMK exhibit lower levels of antioxidants, changes in glutathione metabolism and purine degradation pathways, docosahexaenoate, arachidonate, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, suggesting increased oxidative stress and inflammation relative to MSC and NTC. Conclusions: Metabolomic profiles show that while SMK and MSC cohorts exhibit higher levels of nicotine and its metabolites, SMK manifest evidence of increased oxidative stress and inflammation relative to MSC and NTC. These observed biochemical changes in the SMK could be likely due to the combustion-related toxicants present in cigarette smoke. Impact: Several differentiating metabolites identified herein could be utilized as potential biomarkers of effect. Further, the metabolomic profiles improve our understanding of biological changes in tobacco consumers.

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“…6) In previous studies of GCF, signi cant di erences in the quantities of observed metabolites between the healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites were reported. 7) Many metabolites associated with in ammation, oxidative stress, tissue degradation, and bacterial metabolism were found to be signi cantly elevated in periodontal disease and reduced by toothbrushing with triclosan-containing dentifrice. 8) Metabolomic analysis of saliva in diabetics replicated the metabolite signature of periodontal disease progression in non-diabetic patients and revealed unique metabolic signatures associated with periodontal disease in diabetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2016

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Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent threats to oral health as the most common cause of tooth loss. In order to perform e ective treatment, a clinical test that detect sites where disease activity is high and predicts periodontal tissue destruction is strongly desired, however, it is still di cult to prognose the periodontal tissue breakdown on the basis of conventional methods. e aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which could eventually be used for on-site analysis of metabolites in gingival crevicular uid (GCF) in order to objectively diagnose periodontitis at a molecular level. GCF samples were collected from two diseased sites (one site with a moderate pocket and another site with a deep pocket) from each patient and from clinically healthy sites of volunteers. Nineteen metabolites were identi ed using GC/MS. Total ion current chromatograms showed broad differences in metabolite peak patterns between GCF samples obtained from healthy sites, moderate-pocket sites, and deep-pocket sites. e intensity di erence of some metabolites was signi cant at sites with deep pockets compared to healthy sites. Additionally, metabolite intensities at moderate-pocket sites showed an intermediate pro le between the severely diseased sites and healthy sites, which suggested that periodontitis progression could be observed with a changing metabolite pro le. Principal component analysis con rmed these observations by clearly delineating healthy sites and sites with deep pockets. ese results suggest that metabolomic analysis of GCF could be useful for prediction and diagnosis of periodontal disease in a single visit from a patient and provides the groundwork for establishing a new, on-site diagnostic method for periodontitis.

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Acceleration of Purine Degradation by Periodontal Diseases

Cited by 94 publications

References 22 publications

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

Global metabolomic profiles reveal differences in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in smokers and moist snuff consumers

Metabolomic Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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