Abordagem intersetorial para prevenção e controle da obesidade: a experiência brasileira de 2014 a 2018

Abstract

RESUMOO objetivo do artigo é descrever e comentar as ações implementadas em nível federal, no período de 2014 a 2018, no escopo da Estratégia Intersetorial de Prevenção e Controle da Obesidade, publicada pelo governo federal no Brasil. A Estratégia tem por objetivo prevenir e controlar a obesidade e foi organizada em seis grandes eixos de ação: 1) disponibilidade e acesso a alimentos adequados e saudáveis; 2) educação, comunicação e informação; 3) promoção de modos de vida saudáveis em ambientes específicos/territórios; 4) vigilância alimentar e nutricional, 5) atenção integral à saúde do indivíduo com sobrepeso/obesidade na rede de saúde e 6) regulação e controle da qualidade e inocuidade de alimentos. Para levantamento das informações, questionários semiestruturados foram enviados a representantes dos Ministérios da Educação, Saúde, Planejamento, Cidadania e Desenvolvimento Agrário. As ações implementadas são apresentadas segundo os eixos da Estratégia. Resultados positivos foram alcançados a partir do modelo de coordenação adotado, com gestão compartilhada, ainda que desafios necessitem ser superados. A agenda de ações propostas na Estratégia está alinhada ao contexto brasileiro e o modelo intersetorial de gestão permanece vigente até o período de elaboração do artigo.

Increasing trends in obesity prevalence from 2013 to 2019 and associated factors in Brazil

“…In Latin America and the Caribbean, obesity shows a growing trend, due to the accelerated disordered urbanization and improvements in the socioeconomic level of these countries, in parallel with the decrease in malnutrition and consumption of family farm foods and the increase in physical inactivity and consumption of ultra-processed foods 4 . The highest prevalence of obesity has been observed in Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay 5 .…”

“…Monitoring the prevalence of obesity is essential for public health. Obtaining anthropometric measurements through health surveys allows monitoring overweight/obesity trends in different geographic areas and identifying the main associated factors, allowing to subsidize public health policies to prevent obesity, promote healthier lifestyles, as well as encouraging healthy eating habits, and encouraging regular physical activity since childhood 4,21 .…”

Raça e obesidade na população feminina negra: uma revisão de escopo

“…In 2013, 56.9% of adults were overweight and 20.8% obese (IBGE, 2015). Between 2006 and 2017, the prevalence of overweight among men increased by 20% and, in the same period, the prevalence of female obesity increased by 33% (Pinheiro et al, 2019).…”

An approach on food choice determinants: a study in the restaurants of a public market in Northeastern Brazil

“…An interesting finding is that each meal taken outside the home adds an average of 134 calories compared to the same meal consumed at home and can result in a gain of up to two pounds (0.9 kg) per year if having such meal once a week [24]. Thus, Food Guidelines (FG) can be used to guide the community as to the adoption of a healthy diet, especially when the meal is eaten outside the home, being an instrument that induces public policies aimed at promoting, supporting and protecting health of the population [25,26].…”

“…The FG for the Brazilian population admits that, although people have great responsibility for food choices, the adoption of recommendations is far from being a mere individual decision, requiring public policies and regulatory actions by the Government to make the environment more conducive to the practice of healthy eating, reducing NCDs and ensuring food and nutritional security [26,27]. In settings such as public markets, the typical character of the preparations served in food outlets can encourage the consumption of meals [5].…”