A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System

Abstract

Goals of parking lot management system include counting the number of parked vehicles, monitoring the changes of the parked vehicles over the time, and identifying the stalls available. To decrease the cost of the production, an integrated vision-based system is a good choice. In this paper, we propose a vision-based parking management system to manage an outdoor parking lot by four cameras set up at loft of buildings around it, sending information, including real-time display, to database of ITS center via internet. This system enables drivers to find parking spaces available or monitoring the parking lot where they parked their cars easily by wireless communication device. To increase accuracy, in the beginning, color manage is done to all input images, maintaining color consistency. Then, an adaptive parking lot background model is generated. The adequate color of each parking space is found out using statistical method in color image sequences captured by a camera, and foreground is extracted based on color information. The result will be further modified by shadow detection based on luminance analysis. Vision-based parking management system can manage large area by just several cameras. Adjusting position of the camera can easily make this system suitable for most cases. Besides, this system is endurable and is easy-installed because of its simple equipment.

A back-end system for an autonomous parking and charging system for electric vehicles

“…Vehicles can query the parking meters for vacant spots in certain areas or for certain parking rates. Lin et al developed in [3] a system that uses cameras set up on buildings overlooking an outdoor parking lot in order to identify available spots throughout the lot. SFPark [4] is a commercial system in San Francisco, CA, that specifically monitors street-side parking spaces, through utilizing a sensor node installed in the asphalt of each parking spot.…”

A visual sensor network for parking lot occupancy detection in Smart Cities

“…However, neither details on the algorithm used to extract such information nor its accuracy are reported. The work in [11] uses enhanced background subtraction techniques to infer the status of each parking space, while in [12] a fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed and compared against a SVM classifier, using PCA basis vectors extracted from vacant or occupied parking lot images to train the classifiers. The authors report an accuracy of more than 99% in an indoor scenario.…”

A novel dual microwave Doppler radar based vehicle detection sensor for parking lot occupancy detection

“…Therefore, intelligent parking lot management systems are being resorted to solve this problem [1]. A key point in these systems is the parking lot occupancy status acquisition, which is mainly achieved by employment of vehicle detection technologies such as ultrasonic, camera, magnetometer, and optical sensor [2,3,4,5]. In these traditional detection methods, cable required systems, such as ultrasonic or camera based solution, has high detection accuracy but suffers from the inconvenience of installation and high infrastructure cost [6].…”