A visual sensor network for parking lot occupancy detection in Smart Cities

Baroffio, Luca; Bondi, Luca; Cesana, Matteo; Redondi, Alessandro E. C.; Tagliasacchi, Marco

doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2015.7389147

Cited by 77 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Likewise, it is possible to use common outdoor cameras to improve the accuracy of detection by training the algorithm with images taken in different weather conditions [74]. The authors also describe another solution, which involves storing an image of the area taken from a camera in a database together with the coordinates of each space, and then comparing the stored image with the images that are sent in real-time to establish if a parking lot has been occupied or not.…”

Section: Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

et al. 2019

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The development and high growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) have improved quality of life and strengthened different areas in society. Many cities worldwide are looking forward to becoming smart. One of the most popular use cases in smart cities is the implementation of smart parking solutions, as they allow people to optimize time, reduce fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Smart parking solutions have a defined architecture with particular components (sensors, communication protocols, and software solutions). Although there are only three components that compose a smart parking solution, it is important to mention that each component has many types that can be used in the deployment of these solutions. This paper identifies the most used types of every component and highlights usage trends in the established analysis period. It provides a complementary perspective and represents a very useful source of information. The scientific community could use this information to decide regarding the selection of types of components to implement a smart parking solution. For this purpose, herein we review several works related to smart parking solutions deployment. To achieve this goal, a semi-cyclic adaptation of the action research methodology combined with a systematic review is used to select papers related to the subject of study. The most relevant papers were reviewed to identify subcategories for each component; these classifications are presented in tables to mark the relevance of each paper accordingly. Trends of usage in terms of sensors, protocols and software solutions are analyzed and discussed in every section. In addition to the trends of usage, this paper determines a guide of complementary features from the type of components that should be considered when implementing a smart parking solution.

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Section: Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

et al. 2019

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“…Mainetti et al (2015) worked on a system proposal combining RFID, WSN, cloud computing and mobile applications, which could collect real-time information on the use of parking spaces, directing the user to them. Baroffio et al (2015) suggest that a better performance in the transmission of data through the network and in general a reduction in energy consumption would be achieved by passing the processing or previous analysis of the images to the visual sensor. Shinde et al (2017) introduce a system based on IoT and develop an Android application connected to Google Maps that allows locating the free space and being guided to it.…”

Section: On Implementations and Prototypes Of Intelligent Parking Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where to park? Architecture and implementation of an empty parking lot, automatic recognition system

et al. 2019

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The traffic congestion present in practically every city has, among its increasing factors, the unavailability of enough parking spaces. A typical driver invests a considerable part of the total trip time looking for a free space where to park his vehicle; in many cases, this leads to delays and the consequent discomfort due to the undesired consequences of the generated tardiness. For this problem it is possible to find partial palliative solutions, minimizing the time spent searching for parking by applying Internet of Things techniques, oriented to smart cities and buildings. This research has been focused on finding an appropriate computer architecture that will allow the implementation of a distributed system, which, thanks to the use of computer vision and machine learning techniques, detects free parking spaces inside a parking lot, and provides real time information to the driver, allowing him to go as directly as possible to a vacant parking space.

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“…The paper [6] discusses comparing two different paradigms: Compress-Then-Analyze (CTA) and Analyze-Then-Compress (ATC) when using a visual sensor system to analyze parking lot occupancy. CTA paradigm is to capture an image in real time and sending it to a processing unit to obtain information; ATC paradigm requires the visual content to be processed locally on the camera module itself before sending it off to be processed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT -Based Approach to Monitor Parking Space in Cities

Haque¹,

Zhou²,

Ng³

et al. 2019

9th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (CCSEA 2019)

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Internet of Things is the next big thing, as almost everything developed now has an extensive use of data which is then used to get the daily statistics and usage of every individual. The work mainly consists of constructing a screen where the parking space will be shown, and a camera module will be set up, and PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) will be at the entrance to detect the entrance of a car or any vehicle eligible to park at the lot. The vehicle will be scanned for its registration number in to provide a check whether the vehicle is registered to park or not. This also acts as the security of the parking lot. Moreover, a viable sensor will be placed at each parking slot through which the vacancy of each parking slot will be shown to determine the exact spot available to the user. In order to surpass the project completion, we will be using Raspberry Pi 3 with camera module mounted on it and by using Tensorflow, Node-Red we would be able to identify the car and the license number and also infrared sensor to detect the parking availability which would be displayed on the screen.

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A visual sensor network for parking lot occupancy detection in Smart Cities

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

Smart Parking: A Literature Review from the Technological Perspective

Where to park? Architecture and implementation of an empty parking lot, automatic recognition system

IoT -Based Approach to Monitor Parking Space in Cities

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