A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges

Zahra, Shaker A.; Gedajlovic, Éric; Neubaum, Donald O.; Shulman, Joel M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007

Cited by 2,046 publications

(1,881 citation statements)

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“…For instance, Dacin et al (2010) analyze 37 definitions on social entrepreneurship, Zahra et al (2009) 20 definitions on social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs, while Dahlsrud (2008) considers 37 definitions on corporate social responsibility. We note that we do not claim that our collection of definitions on CE is representative.…”

Section: Sample Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions

2017

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A B S T R A C TThe circular economy concept has gained momentum both among scholars and practitioners. However, critics claim that it means many different things to different people. This paper provides further evidence for these critics. The aim of this paper is to create transparency regarding the current understandings of the circular economy concept. For this purpose, we have gathered 114 circular economy definitions which were coded on 17 dimensions. Our findings indicate that the circular economy is most frequently depicted as a combination of reduce, reuse and recycle activities, whereas it is oftentimes not highlighted that CE necessitates a systemic shift. We further find that the definitions show few explicit linkages of the circular economy concept to sustainable development. The main aim of the circular economy is considered to be economic prosperity, followed by environmental quality; its impact on social equity and future generations is barely mentioned. Furthermore, neither business models nor consumers are frequently outlined as enablers of the circular economy. We critically discuss the various circular economy conceptualizations throughout this paper. Overall, we hope to contribute via this study towards the coherence of the circular economy concept; we presume that significantly varying circular economy definitions may eventually result in the collapse of the concept.

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Section: Sample Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions

2017

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“…Barriers of a financial nature are often mentioned in the related fields of social entrepreneurship (Dorado 2006;Purdue 2001;Sharir and Lerner 2006;Zahra et al 2009) and environmental entrepreneurship (Groot and Pinkse 2015;Dean and McMullen 2007). Regarding social entrepreneurship, several studies have stressed the difficulties in attracting financial capital (Dorado 2006;Purdue 2001;Sharir and Lerner 2006;Zahra et al 2009).…”

Section: Perceived Financial Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustainable entrepreneurs are increasingly acknowledged for addressing current social and environmental problems (Hockerts and Wüstenhagen 2010;York and Venkataraman 2010;Zahra et al 2009). These socially and environmentally conscious individuals fulfil a vital role in society because they offer solutions to complex societal problems that are overlooked, ignored, or unsuccessfully addressed by governments, incumbent businesses, or civil society organizations (Elkington and Hartigan 2008;Kerlin 2009;Nicholls 2006;Nyssens 2006;Zahra et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role of Perceived Barriers and Risk

2017

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Entrepreneurs who start a business to serve both self-interests and collective interests by addressing unmet social and environmental needs are usually referred to as sustainable entrepreneurs. Compared with regular entrepreneurs, we argue that sustainable entrepreneurs face specific challenges when establishing their businesses owing to the discrepancy between the creation and appropriation of private value and social value. We hypothesize that when starting a business, sustainable entrepreneurs (1) feel more hampered by perceived barriers, such as the institutional environment and (2) have a different risk attitude and perception than regular entrepreneurs. We use two waves of the Flash Eurobarometer survey on entrepreneurship (2009 and 2012), which contains information on start-up motivations, start-up barriers, and risk perceptions of approximately 3000 (prospective) business owners across 33 countries. We find that sustainable entrepreneurs indeed perceive more institutional barriers in terms of a lack of financial, administrative, and informational support at business start-up than regular entrepreneurs. Further, no significant differences between sustainable and regular entrepreneurs are found in terms of their risk attitudes or perceived financial risks. However, sustainable entrepreneurs are more likely to fear personal failure than regular entrepreneurs, which is explained by their varied and complex stakeholder relations. These insights may serve as an important signal for both governments and private capital providers in enhancing the institutional climate.

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“…The first is a passion -verging on obsession -for theory definition and exploration. Social innovations scholars seem to greatly prefer creating (or defending) a new category of agency (Antadze & McGowan, 2016;Zahra et al, 2009;Dacin Dacin & Mataer, 2010;Mair & Marti. 2006), or a new phenomena of cross-scale dynamics over efforts to validate and test the existing body of theory.…”

Section: Cases and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%