A Survey on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract

The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a term describing a broad range of complex, multidisciplinary , physically-aware next generation engineered system that integrates embedded computing technologies (cyber part) into the physical world. In order to define and understand CPS more precisely, this article presents a detailed survey of the related work, discussing the origin of CPS, the relations to other research fields, prevalent concepts, and practical applications. Further, this article enumerates an extensive set of technical challenges and uses specific applications to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept. CPS is a very broad research area and therefore has diverse applications spanning different scales. Additionally, the next generation technologies are expected to play an important role on CPS research. All of CPS applications need to be designed considering the cutting-edge technologies, necessary system-level requirements, and overall impact on the real world.

A survey of model-driven techniques and tools for cyber-physical systems

“…In addition, interoperability is particularly needed, because many complex CPS applications usually involve multidomain scenarios (e.g., the smart health CPS described in Broy et al (2012) across various domains including autopilot system, traffic management, and health care system). Besides, predictability is demanded to guarantee the specified outcome of a CPS's behaviors meeting the system requirements (Gunes et al, 2014), because not all the components of the CPS are predictable, such as data-driven intelligent components. Generally speaking, the above QoS attributes and constraints should be well captured and modeled for implementation and verification in diverse CPS applications.…”

“…Since 2006 when CPS was proposed, there has been extensive research on model-driven approaches to CPS development (Derler et al, 2012;Gunes et al, 2014;Simko et al, 2014;Hehenberger et al, 2016;Saeedloei and Gupta, 2016;Liu J et al, 2019). However, there is little systematic analysis and discussion about these methods, techniques, and tools in particular.…”

Smart manufacturing based on cyber-physical systems and beyond

“…2) Reconfigurable and interoperable capabilities: Traditional solutions of integrating heterogeneous systems such as custom-developed device drivers or third-party integration are costly and demanding, but also point-to-point communications are inflexible (Maione and Naso 2001). While cloud computing and Web services technologies adopted for smart CPS are dynamic and reconfigured (Gunes et al 2014). Entities of such systems are scalable and modular (plug and play) and applicable across distributed sectors with a high level of autonomy, going far beyond what current SCADA and DCS can deliver today.…”

Towards Systematic Design of Cyber-Physical Product-Service Systems

“…The term CPS was coined by Helen Gill of the National Science Foundation in 2006 (Gunes et al, 2014;Lee and Seshia, 2014). CPS has a broad range of application in healthcare (Lee and Sokolsky, 2010), transportation (Osswald et al, 2014), communication (Fink et al, 2012) and other critical infrastructures (Das et al, 2012).…”