A Study on Eyebrow Design to Enhance the Image of Square and Long Face

A little bit of change in eyebrow makeup, which is essential for complementing a face shape and regulating its image, can have an effect on an overall face; especially, mandatory mask wearing due to the covid-19 breakout has highlighted the importance of eyebrow makeup, creating a variety of eyebrow shapes. Among them, ‘standard’ eyebrow type goes well with all types of face shape. However, it does not mean eyebrow makeup can complement the disadvantages of face shape. Therefore, as concerns the thickness of eyebrow, the gap between eyebrows and eyes, and the glabellar width, this study aimed to collect their quantitative data on the base of which standard eyebrow type is corrected and supplemented enough to be suited well by face shape, in order to provide basic data for creating the algorithm of A.I.-based beauty device – a stepping stone for the development of related services. In this study, we made a literature review on standard eyebrow type, thus making an organised experiment, and then performed an expert evaluation of its result. The findings of this study were as follows: First, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a long face by using makeup eyebrow pencil, expressing much narrower the gap between eyebrow and eye, and the glabellar as well turned out to be effective. This may be because such a makeup made the gap look relatively short, and the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, with the result that they helped the narrow face look relatively wide. Second, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a diamond face, expressing the glabellar much narrower turned out to work. It can be because the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, keeping one's eyes out of high cheekbones. Third, when standard eyebrow was expressed on an angular or inverted triangle face, penciling the overall eyebrows much thicker made the face area look relatively narrower, had the desired effect. It may be worth meaning that such an eyebrow makeup made the exposed face area smaller, eclipsing the standout angular part of the face. Finally, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a round or oval face, expressing the eyebrow much thicker, the gap between eye and eyebrow much wider, and the glabellar much narrower proved effective. It may be because the narrow-looking glabellar made one’s eye focused on the center of the face, helping look relatively narrow the wide midface which ranges from eyebrow to the tip of the nose from the aesthetic view.

Section: 내용 및 방법unclassified

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A Study on the Standard type of Eyebrow Design for the Development of A.I. Beauty Service

Zhang¹,

Choi²

2023

“…즉, 사회적으로 반영구 메이크업의 대중화 및 시장확산에 따 라 관련 연구의 중요성과 필요성이 증대되고 있으나, 현재 Park(2016), Woo & Song(2019), Kim & Kwon(2021) (Han & Choi, 2020;Kim et al, 2020). (Kang, 2021;.…”

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The Impact of Semi-permanent Makeup Services on Customer Satisfaction and Intent to Recommend to Others

Lim,

Kim

2023

Semi-permanent makeup has become increasingly popular in Korea, driven by changing beauty standards and the desire for convenience. Although there is growing information about the semi-permanent makeup in terms of industry, little is known about factors which may influence customer satisfaction and recommendation to others. The aim of this inquiry was to determine the factors to influence the satisfaction and intention to recommendation of customers as received by semi-permanent makeup services. A questionaire was used to survey persons with 174 customers in years 20s and 40s across Korea. These individuals were then requested to complete a questionnaire which asked them to state for satisfaction. As a result, we found that the artist's technique and the hygiene and environmental factors which surrounding the service shop are influencing factors relative to customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is also reflected through various interactions with customers. These results showed that customer satisfaction had a positive effect on the intention to recommend semi-permanent makeup. Additionally, we also verified various factors that constitute semi-permanent makeup services to assess their complete or partial impact on customer satisfaction and likelihood of recommendation. As with any beauty service, success in the semi-permanent makeup industry relies on skill, professionalism, and a commitment to client satisfaction. Such information might be considered when opening a store and devising a business strategy. These findings also serve as the foundation for generating hypotheses in future analytical investigations.

“…또한 눈썹의 움직임을 통해 자신의 감정 상태를 나타낼 수도 있고 대인관계에도 영향을 주므로 얼굴 평가에 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다 (Park & Park, 2019). 눈썹과 관련 선행연구를 살 펴보면 눈썹 형태와 관련된 연구로는 Shin(2017), Park(2012), Sim(2019) 등이 있으며, 눈썹과 얼굴 이미지의 관계를 고찰한 연구로는 Gang(2003), Lee(2009), Kim(2015), Jeong(2019), Zhang & Choi(2022) (Kwon, 2022;Lee & Hong, 2021;Kim & Kwon, 2021;Chung, 2023) Kim(2009), Lee(2009), Kang(2011), Kim(2015)의 연구에서 표준형, 일자형, 처진형, 아 치형, 상승형, 각진형의 여섯 가지 유형으로 나누었고, Song et al(2005), Gang(2005)…”

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The Effect of Facial Image by Eyebrow Shape of Mask Wearer on Overall Facial Evaluation

Lee,

Kim

2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyebrow shape on facial image evaluation of mask wearers. Questionnaire method was used as the data collection method. The stimuli used in the questionnaire were created using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018. We created two types of questionnaires by first calculating the average rate of change for each of the six types of eyebrows mentioned in eyebrow makeup, and then combining these six types of eyebrows on the face of the same model. The questionnaire was administered to adults in their 20s and 40s living in Seoul. We used the SPSS 21.0 program to analyze a total of 328 copies of the data. The results of the data analysis are as follows. First, the respondents were mainly female students in their 20s. Second, we found the following results regarding the effect of wearing a mask on the perception of other people's facial images. The results showed that facial images without masks were mainly influenced by eyes and face shape, while facial images with masks were mainly influenced by eyes, eyebrows, and hairstyle. Third, the sub-dimensions of facial image consisted of "soft", "urban", and "tired". Fourth, we found that the facial image of mask wearers varies according to the six different eyebrow shapes, which affects the overall facial evaluation. The gender and age of the perceiver also made a difference in the overall face evaluation. In other words, facial information visible while wearing a mask, specifically visual cues around the eyes (eyebrow shape), have been shown to act as positive or negative cues for overall facial image evaluation.