Eyebrows makeup is an important part of makeup, which is essential for personalized face expression and image change. Therefore, the best eyebrow makeup requires an understanding of eyebrow type suitable for one’s own face and technical skills of expressing it. Thus, in this study, we aimed to measure the thickness and height of the eyebrows and the width of the glabella, so effectively applied for personalized face expression and image enhancement that the woman can easily and correctly express their personalized eyebrows to enhance their facial images. For this reason, at first, a thorough literature review of eyebrow makeup was made, and then a related survey, a set of experiments and expert evaluation were carried out in order. An exploration into eyebrows design for complementing face shape and enhancing face image showed that long face shape most often evoked ‘calm’ or ‘composed’ feelings, thereby allowing penciling thick eyebrows to be most effective for improving face image when applying ‘straight’ eyebrow design good for complementing face shape. When eyebrows design was applied to express a ‘composed’ image, delineating the distance from the midpupil to the upper edge of the eyebrow, the glabella seems to be less wide than in the case of ‘composed’ image producing the intended results. It may be because a ‘composed’ image gives a relatively more calm and motionless feeling, causing eyebrows low in height with narrow glabella to have the effect of deepening the sincerity of face. An ‘angled’ face image usually evoked ‘trustworthy’ or ‘superb’ feelings. Therefore, when making ‘arched’ eyebrow makeup to supplement the shape of the face, drawing thick eyebrows with a pencil and delineating the narrow distance from the mid pupil to the upper edge of the eyebrows, which makes the eyebrows look very wide and produce an ideal effect. This may be because ‘trustworthy’ or ‘superb’ images creates a dynamic and upright impression, allowing thick eyebrows with narrow glabella to enhance face images more effectively. Overall, it may be said, the results of this study show what type of eyebrows helps complement the face shape and enhance face images and provide exact quantification of the thickness and height of the eyebrows and the width of the glabella, effectively applied for personalized face expression and image enhancement. And a further important implication is that the results might serve as the inspiration for marketing and sales promotion of eyebrow-related products and tools to weather the storm of sales drop in the cosmetics industry due to COVID-19.
A little bit of change in eyebrow makeup, which is essential for complementing a face shape and regulating its image, can have an effect on an overall face; especially, mandatory mask wearing due to the covid-19 breakout has highlighted the importance of eyebrow makeup, creating a variety of eyebrow shapes. Among them, ‘standard’ eyebrow type goes well with all types of face shape. However, it does not mean eyebrow makeup can complement the disadvantages of face shape. Therefore, as concerns the thickness of eyebrow, the gap between eyebrows and eyes, and the glabellar width, this study aimed to collect their quantitative data on the base of which standard eyebrow type is corrected and supplemented enough to be suited well by face shape, in order to provide basic data for creating the algorithm of A.I.-based beauty device – a stepping stone for the development of related services. In this study, we made a literature review on standard eyebrow type, thus making an organised experiment, and then performed an expert evaluation of its result. The findings of this study were as follows: First, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a long face by using makeup eyebrow pencil, expressing much narrower the gap between eyebrow and eye, and the glabellar as well turned out to be effective. This may be because such a makeup made the gap look relatively short, and the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, with the result that they helped the narrow face look relatively wide. Second, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a diamond face, expressing the glabellar much narrower turned out to work. It can be because the narrow-looking glabellar made the face center catch one’s eye, keeping one's eyes out of high cheekbones. Third, when standard eyebrow was expressed on an angular or inverted triangle face, penciling the overall eyebrows much thicker made the face area look relatively narrower, had the desired effect. It may be worth meaning that such an eyebrow makeup made the exposed face area smaller, eclipsing the standout angular part of the face. Finally, when we made standard eyebrow expressions on a round or oval face, expressing the eyebrow much thicker, the gap between eye and eyebrow much wider, and the glabellar much narrower proved effective. It may be because the narrow-looking glabellar made one’s eye focused on the center of the face, helping look relatively narrow the wide midface which ranges from eyebrow to the tip of the nose from the aesthetic view.
We analysed 504 women in their 20s in order to find out an association between personal color types and images by face shape. The findings of this study showed that images by face shape may work as one of variables in personal color diagnosis. First, ‘spring’ personal color saw round- or egg-shaped face be the most frequent in its distribution. This means ‘cheerful’, ‘youthful’, ‘young-looking’, ‘pretty’ images a round-shaped face invokes and ‘innocent’ image an oval face creates may be a meaningful standard in diagnosing ‘spring’ personal color. Second, among those the most frequently distributed in ‘summer’ personal color were a round-shaped face, an oval face, an inverted triangle-shaped face and a diamond- shaped face. This show ‘friendly’, and ‘gentil’ images of a round-shape face and ‘soft’, ‘natural’, ‘friendly’, ‘warm’ or ‘gentle’ images of an oval face may be a meaningful criterion in ‘summer’ personal color diagnosis; and a ‘trustworthy’ or ‘faithful’ images of square-shaped face and ‘intellectual’ image of an inverted triangle-shaped face may be also a significant standard in ‘summer’ personal color diagnosis. Third, a diamond-shaped face and a long- shaped face were the most often distributed in ‘autumn’ personal color. This shows ‘mature’ image of a diamond-shaped face and ‘mature’, ‘composed’, ‘adult’, calm’, ‘intellectual’, ‘classic’, ‘feminine’ or ‘lofty’ images of a long-shaped face may be a meaningful measurement in ‘autumn’ personal color diagnosis. Fourth, ‘winter’ personal color saw square-shaped face, a diamond-shaped face and an inverted triangle-shaped face the most frequently distributed in it. This means ‘confident’ or ‘active’ images of a square-shaped face, ‘cool’ image of a diamond-shaped face and ‘cool’ or ‘sharp’ images of an inverted triangle-shaped face may be a meaningful criterion in diagnosing ‘winter’ personal color. In conclusion, an important implication is that images of face shape might be a new standard in personal color diagnosis, further stimulating a variety of beauty service based on face perception consumers can enjoy by using smart phone or smart mirror.
This study aimed to make a comparative analysis of color and shape in eye and lip makeup between South Korean girl groups with a wide appeal of pretty and sexy image to understand ingredients of South Korean style makeup in order to provide basic data for Chinese girl groups to apply to their makeup. First of all, when it comes to color for pretty image, eye shadow saw orange red or reddish orange have its desired effect, and so do orange on cheeks and red on lips. With regard to shape for pretty image, penciling eyebrows naturally straight and drawing eye lines extended horizontally with no emphasis on the outer corner of the eye to make eyes look long had the much more desired effect. In addition, incurved lips, with cupid’s bow upper lip and lip lines not clear, proved to be effective. In brief, such makeup designs may be what is recommended as an effective option for Chinese girl groups to have their pretty image. Secondly, as far as color for sexy image goes, eye shadow saw orange red or orange enjoy its apposite effect, and so does red purple, red or orange red on cheeks and on lips. As regards shape for sexy image, penciling eyebrows naturally straight and drawing eye lines extended horizontally with an emphasis on the outer corner of the eye to make eyes look long had its desired effect. Besides, out curved lips, with cupid’s bow upper lip and lip lines underscored, turned to work well. In short, this makeup design option can be a good suggestion for Chinese girl groups to have their sexy image.
In creating works of ‘Art Makeup’ called ‘the pinnacle of makeup’ specific and systemic learning is required for inexperienced beginners or students to acquire basic knowledge or quality of art makeup. For this reason, we analyzed characteristics of water-based paints in order to examine what changes in colors there were when these paints mixed with water were applied to the skin and became completely dry in a certain time. We also looked into their consistency-how long they lasted against drying speed, stimulation or contact. The findings are as follows. First, in the water-based paints we analyzed, we saw color fading with change in color purity and decreased saturation compared to original products when they were completely dry. Especially, in the case of achromatic color, white, completely dry, decreased in lightness, resulting in very low whiteness compared to the original product, whereas black, completely dry, increased in lightness, resulting in low blackness compared to the original product. Therefore, in expressing works with black and white in high lightness, it would be better if achromatic color is used for the sake of painting over or applying a little achromatic color on a small part of the skin for highlight effect. Second, water-based paints which are applied to the works undergo a drying process to preserve the works. In the drying process, we found a very large deviation in time depending upon color. Hence, in creating art makeup works, arranging sequence of colouring needs to take into account the drying speed which varies depending upon color. Finally, water-based paints had consistency against stimuli such as a little bit movement unless there were direct stimuli to them after they were applied to the skin and became completely dry. But they turned out to be vulnerable to watery stimuli such as sweat. Therefore, location, lighting, and temperature should be taken into consideration in creating works. Especially, in a sweating-triggered environment, a lot of attention should be paid to keep the works intact. If necessary, water resistant products may be a good choice.
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