A SEM study of in vivo accuracy of the Root ZX electronic apex locator

Pagavino, Gabriella; Pace, Riccardo; Baccetti, Tiziano

doi:10.1016/s0099-2399(98)80029-0

Cited by 137 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Modern multifrequency electronic apex locators may be used to supplement radiographic determination of canal length, and have been shown to identify the position of the apical foramen to within 0.5mm with 90 per cent accuracy. 90 Several prognosis studies have assessed the impact of instrumentation and obturation length on the outcome of endodontic treatment. Negishi et al 91 found that teeth in which endodontic instruments were unable to reach the apical foramen had a 5.3 times increased risk of failure than cases with an accessible foramen.…”

Section: Termination Point Of Cleaning Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The principles of techniques for cleaning root canals

Parashos

Messer

2007

Australian Dental Journal

129

120

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Chemomechanical preparation of the root canal includes both mechanical instrumentation and antibacterial irrigation, and is principally directed toward the elimination of micro-organisms from the root canal system. A variety of instruments and techniques have been developed and described for this critical stage of root canal treatment. Since their introduction in 1988, nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have become a mainstay in clinical endodontics because of their exceptional ability to shape root canals with potentially fewer procedural complications. Safe clinical usage of NiTi instruments requires an understanding of basic metallurgy of the alloy including fracture mechanisms and their correlation to canal anatomy. This paper reviews the biologic principles of preparing root canals with an emphasis on correct use of current rotary NiTi instrumentation techniques and systems. The role and properties of contemporary root canal irrigants is also discussed.Key words: Nickel-titanium alloy, root canal instrumentation, rotary preparation, irrigation, endodontics.Abbreviations and acronyms: EDTA = ethylenediamene tetraacetic acid; NaOC1 = sodium hypochlorite; NIET = non-instrumentation endodontic treatment; NiTi = nickel titanium; PAD = photo activated disinfection.

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Section: Termination Point Of Cleaning Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The principles of techniques for cleaning root canals

Parashos

Messer

2007

Australian Dental Journal

129

120

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“…27,28 Operators should err on the cautious side during working length determination in at risk patients, and consider the use of a contemporary electronic apex locator to confirm length at intervals during the preparation to avoid inadvertent over-instrumentation. 29,30 Crown down approaches (that is removing the coronal pulp first and proceeding incrementally to the apex) to canal preparation may also reduce microbial extension and the prevalence of bacteraemia, though this has yet to be proved clinically.…”

Section: Special Risk Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective endocarditis, dentistry and antibiotic prophylaxis; time for a rethink?

et al. 2000

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“…In vivo studies that have extracted the teeth (after investigation) have reported similar accuracies for the Root ZX ranging from 83% 29 to 100%. 30 With both the in vivo and in vitro studies, the authors correctly used the actual length of the extracted teeth to determine RCS length.…”

Section: Third Generation Electronic Apex Locators (Tgeals) (Fig 2)mentioning

confidence: 85%