An overview of electronic apex locators: part 2

Ali, Rahat; Okechukwu, N. C.; Brunton, Paul; Nattress, Brian

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.215

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Previous several studies revealed that the image of tooth with RVG is susceptible to be distorted, unsharp and unclear representation. 3,4 But, this study results revealed that there was no distortion of radiovisiographical tooth length measurement compared to actual tooth length measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…2 Removal of pulp, necrotic tissues, and microorganisms is essential from the canals before obturation which consequently is dependent on the determination of the exact working length. 3 Hence, the procedure for the calculation of working length should be performed by the use of several radiographical techniques that have been proven to give precise results and simultaneously being practical. 4 There are various methods of determining the working length, but the time of the 20th century, radiovisiographs has been recommended to dentistry as working length measurement technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Distortion of Radiovisiographical Tooth Length Compared to Actual Tooth Length: In-vivo and In-vitro Study

et al. 2024

IJFMR

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Background: Determination of appropriate or exact working length measurement with radiovisiography (RVG) during root canal treatment (RCT) is an essential for the long-term success. As, there are several controversies with the distortion of RVG image in assessing the working tooth length (WTL) during RCT compared to actual tooth length (ATL). So, this study was aimed to assess the frequency of distortion of radiovisiographical tooth length (RTL) compared to actual tooth length (ATL). Methods: An analytical (in-vivo and in-vitro) study was conducted at Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, BSMMU. The patient indicated for extraction purpose of orthodontic treatment was considered as the study population. Human premolar teeth (n=20) were selected as study sample by purposive sampling technique which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The RTL measurements were carried out with RVG images before and after tooth extraction (in-vivo and in-vitro setting). Then the ATL measurements of extracted tooth samples were carried out with both Inch Architectural Scale Ruler and Endodontic Ruler individually three concordant times. Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using T test and presented in frequency and percentages with tables. Results: For 95% of study samples, the differences from actual and radiovisiographical tooth length were <0.5 mm. Total 19 tooth samples (out of 20) showed acceptable level of coincidence except one sample showed non-acceptable level of coincidence. There was no sample revealed exact level of coincidence. There was a significant difference between the distortion category; yes (95%)/ no (5%) (P 0.001). The radiovisiological tooth lengths among all samples were same in both in-vivo and in-vitro setting. Study results also revealed the average distortion of RTL to ATL was 2.61±0.97 mm when RVG was done without using RVG sensor positioner. Conclusion: RVG tooth length images exhibited no distortion with the exact anatomical tooth lengths when the RTL was carried out with RVG sensor positioner. It’s recommended that to overcome the RVG image distortion, the RTL measurement ought to be carried out with RVG sensor positioner allowing RVG sensor/film parallel to long axis of tooth; RVG beam position perpendicular (900) to long axis of tooth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Distortion of Radiovisiographical Tooth Length Compared to Actual Tooth Length: In-vivo and In-vitro Study

et al. 2024

IJFMR

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“…Although newer generations of electronic apex locators are more accurate, they should not be relied on exclusively but should be used in conjunction with other root canal length determination methods including conventional radiography (Ali et al . , Patel & Saunders ). As CBCT is more sensitive, accurate and becomes more readily available, if employed, it will further aid accurate working length determination (Lucena et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hence, the accurate determination of canal working length is not only essential to root canal treatment outcome but paramount to avoiding the risk of nerve injury, especially in cases where an intimate relationship exists between the roots and the IAN. Although newer generations of electronic apex locators are more accurate, they should not be relied on exclusively but should be used in conjunction with other root canal length determination methods including conventional radiography (Ali et al 2013, Patel & Saunders 2013. As CBCT is more sensitive, accurate and becomes more readily available, if employed, it will further aid accurate working length determination (Lucena et al 2014, Connert et al 2014; however, the additional radiation exposure must be justified on a case-by-case basis (Patel & Saunders 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve

et al. 2014

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In over 50% of the cases evaluated, there was an intimate relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Therefore, root canal treatment of mandibular second molars may pose a more significant potential risk of IAN injury; necessary precautions should be exercised, and the prudent use of CBCT should be considered if an intimate relationship is suspected.

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“…22 Furthermore, irrigants within the root canals can lead to incorrect measurements. 23 Thanks to recent advances in AL technology, 24 these devices can now be used with irrigation solutions in the root canal. It's important to note that using files in dry root canals is unacceptable in root canal treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex-vivo Evaluation of the Accuracy of Three Different Apex Locators in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals

Kamacı Esen,

Yıldız

2024

Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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Objective: To evaluate the precision of three endodontic apex locators-Propex Pixi, Woodpex III, and VDW Gold Reciproc-in vitro and under clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were decoranated, and actual root canal lengths were measured and recorded with an operating microscope at x20 magnification. The teeth were then embedded in an ex-vivo model, and the measurement of the root canal length was obtained electronically. Each measurement was performed in triplicate, and the mean value was recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. Two paired sample t-tests were used for normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for data that did not show normal distribution. A chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables according to the experimental groups. Results: Woodpex III showed significantly more accurate results than the other apex locators. Propex Pixi and VDW Gold Reciproc apex locators showed no significant difference. Conclusions: Under the circumstances of the present study, Woodpex III allowed for more accurate measurements compared with the other tested devices.

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An overview of electronic apex locators: part 2

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Assessment of Distortion of Radiovisiographical Tooth Length Compared to Actual Tooth Length: In-vivo and In-vitro Study

Assessment of Distortion of Radiovisiographical Tooth Length Compared to Actual Tooth Length: In-vivo and In-vitro Study

The anatomical relationship between the roots of mandibular second molars and the inferior alveolar nerve

Ex-vivo Evaluation of the Accuracy of Three Different Apex Locators in the Presence of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals

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