A saúde mental pública na América Latina. Estudo comparativo dos sistemas de saúde mental de Argentina e Brasil

Abstract

A comparative, descriptive and analytical study of mental health systems in Brazil and Argentina, considering some of the developments and structures of implementation of the anti-asylum trend in the countries analysed and studying these factors in conjunction with regulations issued by international organisations in favour of this change in trend, from 1975 until the present-time. In this regard, the principal reference used in this study is the Caracas Declaration of 14 November 1990, created at the Regional Conference for the Restructuring of Psychiatric Care in Latin America, and signed by both countries, each therein committing to the restructuring of their respective mental health systems in accordance with the recommendations stipulated in the document. The analysis has three strands: a study of the published legislation, a study of existing practice in the Field, and a case study of two pioneering experiments of implementation of anti-asylum logic carried out simultaneously in each of the two countries. The study uses as theoretical reference the hypotheses of the Institutionalization Movement and the work of Michel Foucault, as well as the extensive ideology supporting the development of the anti-asylum trend: Basaglia, Tosquelles, Oury, Castel, and others.

Identity of care in a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents who uses drugs

“…It feeds the imaginary of the people on the drug user as sick and dangerous that needs to be hospitalized in a closed institution, primarily aiming at remission and suppression of use, as well as withdrawing the possibility that equipment such as PCC must be resolute in these circumstances (20)(21)(22)(23) .…”

“…Mostly, they had up to two years of work experience in the institution, had no experience with children and adolescents mental health or in the area of alcohol and drugs (23) .…”

“…Moreover, they had neither a long experience of practical political thinking and implementation of the model, nor an institutional clinical work of caring for themselves effectively, ie to compose a network of care for these workers. This work would be translated as an essential tool in everyday service respecting complexity in which the team operates in a responsible exercise of clarification of specific clinical events (23) .…”

Participação social na política de saúde mental

“…A partir da influência do Movimento Brasileiro de Reforma Psiquiátrica-MBRP, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e da participação social das pessoas com transtornos mentais, seus familiares e trabalhadores dos diferentes serviços, tem sido estimulada como um elemento essencial na organização da política de saúde mental brasileira [2][3][4] .…”