A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems

Toranzo, Alicia E.; Magariños, Beatríz; Romalde, Jesús L.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.002

Cited by 720 publications

(564 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…fluorescens was originally described as the causative agent of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia disease of pond-cultured fish [14,15]. It is considered as a primary pathogen of freshwater fish and opportunistic pathogen for different fish species cultured in marine and brackish waters worldwide [16,17]. Isolation and characterization of P. fluorescens from gills of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), African magur (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has also been reported by some workers [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia Disease of Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus

Parvez¹,

Msa²

2014

Poult Fish Wildl Sci

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Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septicemia (BHS) was found affecting Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus. Bacteriological examination and artificial infection trials were carried out on these fishes. Hematological examination showed substantial decline in the number of erythrocytes and lymphocytes, increase in the number of granulocytes and significant loss in the amount of hemoglobin. Histopathological examination suggested that the affected part of the skin had got completely destroyed. The peripheral area of the liver showed loosening of tissue and cell distension. There was complete shrinkage in all the components of kidney and glomeruli appeared smaller in size than healthy ones. Artificially infected specimens of C. carpio and C. striatus were treated with 20 ppm and 30 ppm chloramphenicol solution and oxytetracycline @ 50 and 60 mg/kg of feed for 20 and 30 days respectively. The results of this work indicated that Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens were the etiological agents for this disease. Investigation on the Bacterial Results and DiscussionBacterial hemorrhagic septicemia was found to affect C. carpio and C. striatus. The diseased specimens ranged between 16 -20cm in total length and 550-625g in weight in case of C. carpio and 13 -16cm in total length and 350-425g in case of weight in C. striatus. As observed in the present case, Kabata (1985) has also reported the occurrence of BHS in C. carpio in Indonesia and West Java. Kumar et al. [24] and Kumar and Dey [25] have reported that all the Asiatic major carps are prone to such infection, but silver carp and catla have been found to be relatively more susceptible.The diseased fish displayed abnormal behavior, swam slowly, remained lethargic, preferred to stay at the bottom of aquarium and refused to feed. They exhibited the symptoms such as the swollen vent filled with reddish fluid, descaling, swelling and softening of the spleen and kidney and the presence of thick yellowish fluid in the intestine. Skin lesions, with hemorrhages, reaching deep into the muscles, appeared on the general surface of the body (Figure 1). Similar symptoms of BHS have also been reported by [2,3,8,20,26,27].The bacteriological examination of the diseased fishes indicated that mainly two pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens have been associated with this disease. After 24-48 hours of incubation at 28 °C , numerous small colonies appeared which were subsequently isolated in pure form on TSA. A. hydrophila was gram-negative rod, motile, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive and glucose fermenting bacteria while Pseudomonas fluorescens was gram-negative rod, motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and glucose oxidizing bacteria. Other biochemical characteristics of these bacterial species are given in Table 1. The characteristics exhibited by these bacteria conform to those as given by [20,22,28].Experimental infection trials were carried out by keeping healthy specimens of C. carpio and C. striatus in water at 28°C inocula...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia Disease of Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus

Parvez¹,

Msa²

2014

Poult Fish Wildl Sci

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“…However, they seldom cause mortality due to the lack of stressful conditions in natural environments (23). In recent years, lactococcosis, vibriosis, motile aeromonas septicaemia, furunculosis, yersiniosis, photobacteriosis, and flavobacteriosis have been among the most frequently reported fish diseases in Turkey (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of bacterial pathogens and determination of their antibacterial resistance profiles in some cultured fish in Turkey

Türe

Alp

2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction: In the present study, some of the commercial fish farms located in the Black Sea region of Turkey, were screened for bacteria between 2012 and 2014. Material and Methods: The bacterial agents isolated from fish were identified by classical biochemical tests and the rapid diagnostic tests (API 20 E and API 20 Strep). All strains were further identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. The strains were also investigated for resistance to different antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes, including tetracycline (B), β-lactam (ampC, blaTEM, blaPSE), florfenicol (floR), erythromycine (ereA, ereB), sulphonamide (sulI, sulII), and trimethoprim (dhfr1) genes, were determined by the PCR method. Results: Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio fluvialis, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, Pseudomonas luteola, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Yersinia ruckeri were isolated from marine and freshwater cultured fish. According to the results of disc diffusion, all isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, oxitetracycline, and enrofloxacin, and resistant to lincomycin, penicillin G, and amoxicillin. Also, sulI, sulII, and floR resistance genes were detected in the bacteria. Conclusion: The results of the study open up the opportunity to perform further investigations which could determine the possible role of ARGs in fish pathogens.

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“…La presencia de micobacterias en granjas de cultivo y en acuarios es de importancia social, ecológica y económica. Esta enfermedad es persistente y difícil de erradicar una vez ocurrida la epizootia (14,15,19), el tiempo de incubación es variable y pueden pasar años para su desarrollo hasta la muerte de los organismos causando deformidades esqueléticas (6,15,20), por su importancia zoonótica en seres humanos, la presencia de este patógeno conduce a la pérdida de su valor comercial (6,15).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Aunque la sintomatología observada no permite asegurar que la infección es causada únicamente por Mycobacterium, las lesiones observadas son básicamente similares a las descritas en estudios realizados tanto en peces de agua dulce y marinos, ya sea por inducción experimental o por infecciones espontáneas de micobacteriosis (20)(21)(22)(23). Entre los signos descritos por la presencia de Mycobacterium se encuentran: pérdida de peso, necrosis y quistes en órganos internos, exoftalmia, inflamaciones c u t á n e a s , d e f o r m a c i o n e s e s q u e l é t i c a s especialmente en espina dorsal y mandíbula; y decoloración del cuerpo (6,20,24,25). En este estudio las granjas de Canasayab y Santa Cruz de Rovira se observaron signos externos como: ulceraciones en piel, exoftalmia unilateral o bilateral, inflamación abdominal, anorexia, decoloración del cuerpo, necrosis en aletas, deformación del cuerpo y hemorragias en aletas; sin embargo en El Zapote solo se observaron signos internos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Determinación y prevalencia de Mycobacterium spp., en tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivada en Campeche, México

et al. 2013

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RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar la presencia y prevalencia de Mycobacterium spp., en granjas de tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) en el Municipio de Champotón, Campeche, México. Materiales y métodos. La colecta de organismos se realizó en tres granjas de cultivo de tilapia nilótica del municipio de Champotón, Campeche, México. Los organismos se examinaron externa e internamente y se tomó una muestra de riñón la cual fue sembrada en forma de estría en medios de cultivo: Löwesntein-Jensen, TCBS, KF y en TSA; las placas fueron incubadas a 35°C de 24 a 48 horas, los órganos fueron fijados en formalina tamponada al 10% para ser procesados para histología de rutina para análisis posteriores. Asimismo, muestras de cultivo bacteriológico y de tejido fueron teñidas con la técnica de Ziel-Neelsen con el fin de observar la presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de Mycobacterium spp., es constante y en alta prevalencia y puede ser un factor que este mermando la rentabilidad del cultivo. Conclusiones. La presencia de Mycobacterium spp., representa un riesgo para el cultivo de tilapia en el municipio de Champotón, por ser una enfermedad muy persistente y difícil de erradicar una vez ocurrido e brote de infección, por lo cual es importante llevar estudios más detallados de la presencia de este género bacteriano, así como, medidas de prevención y dispersión de este patógeno en los cultivos adyacentes. ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the presence and prevalence of Mycobacterium spp., at tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms in the municipality of Champotón, Campeche, Mexico. Materials and methods. The collection of organisms was conducted in three farms of Nile tilapia at Champotón township, Campeche, Mexico. The organisms were examined externally and internally and a kidney sample was inoculated in different growth media: Löwestein-Jensen, TCBS, KF and TSA. The plates were incubated at 35°C for 24 to 48 hours, the organs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin to be processed for routine histology for further analysis. Likewise, bacterial culture samples and tissue were stained through the Ziel-Neelsen technique to observe the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Results. The results suggest that the presence of Mycobacterium spp., is constant and its high prevalence and could be an undermining issue in the profitability of this culture. Conclusions. The presence of Mycobacterium spp., represents a risk for tilapia culture in the municipality of Champotón, it is a very persistent and difficult to eradicate disease once an outbreak has occurred, reason for which it is important to bring more detailed studies of the presence of this bacterial genus, as well as prevention and spread of this pathogen in adjacent cultures.

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A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems

Cited by 720 publications

References 191 publications

Investigation on the Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia Disease of Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus

Investigation on the Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia Disease of Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus

Identification of bacterial pathogens and determination of their antibacterial resistance profiles in some cultured fish in Turkey

Determinación y prevalencia de Mycobacterium spp., en tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivada en Campeche, México

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