RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar la presencia y prevalencia de Mycobacterium spp., en granjas de tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) en el Municipio de Champotón, Campeche, México. Materiales y métodos. La colecta de organismos se realizó en tres granjas de cultivo de tilapia nilótica del municipio de Champotón, Campeche, México. Los organismos se examinaron externa e internamente y se tomó una muestra de riñón la cual fue sembrada en forma de estría en medios de cultivo: Löwesntein-Jensen, TCBS, KF y en TSA; las placas fueron incubadas a 35°C de 24 a 48 horas, los órganos fueron fijados en formalina tamponada al 10% para ser procesados para histología de rutina para análisis posteriores. Asimismo, muestras de cultivo bacteriológico y de tejido fueron teñidas con la técnica de Ziel-Neelsen con el fin de observar la presencia de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de Mycobacterium spp., es constante y en alta prevalencia y puede ser un factor que este mermando la rentabilidad del cultivo. Conclusiones. La presencia de Mycobacterium spp., representa un riesgo para el cultivo de tilapia en el municipio de Champotón, por ser una enfermedad muy persistente y difícil de erradicar una vez ocurrido e brote de infección, por lo cual es importante llevar estudios más detallados de la presencia de este género bacteriano, así como, medidas de prevención y dispersión de este patógeno en los cultivos adyacentes. ABSTRACTObjective. Determine the presence and prevalence of Mycobacterium spp., at tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms in the municipality of Champotón, Campeche, Mexico. Materials and methods. The collection of organisms was conducted in three farms of Nile tilapia at Champotón township, Campeche, Mexico. The organisms were examined externally and internally and a kidney sample was inoculated in different growth media: Löwestein-Jensen, TCBS, KF and TSA. The plates were incubated at 35°C for 24 to 48 hours, the organs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin to be processed for routine histology for further analysis. Likewise, bacterial culture samples and tissue were stained through the Ziel-Neelsen technique to observe the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Results. The results suggest that the presence of Mycobacterium spp., is constant and its high prevalence and could be an undermining issue in the profitability of this culture. Conclusions. The presence of Mycobacterium spp., represents a risk for tilapia culture in the municipality of Champotón, it is a very persistent and difficult to eradicate disease once an outbreak has occurred, reason for which it is important to bring more detailed studies of the presence of this bacterial genus, as well as prevention and spread of this pathogen in adjacent cultures.
Nile tilapia culture in Campeche, Mexico experiences sporadic and significant fish mortalities, where mycobacteriosis signs of disease are detected. Thirty fishes(30 ± 4 g) from different farms were monitored after a disease outbreak.Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) samples (60%) of spleen, liver and stomach display multiples granulomas with a thick capsule, walled off by epithelioid cells and robust acid-fast rods on the necrotic center. A great number of acid-fast bacilli where detected with Ziehl-Neelsen stain protocol. The bacteriological analysis of kidney displayed a 90% (26 organisms) of positive development in Lowenstein-Jensen medium with yellow or orange colonies when exposed to light and acid-fast rods.A 562-bp fragment confirms the positive result of the presence of the Mycobacterium spp.by PCR analysis;where phylogenetic analysis suggests that Mycobacteriumfortuitum and M. marinum were the principal mycobacterial species associated with tilapia mortality in Campeche, Mexico.
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