Investigation on the Bacterial Haemorrhagic Septicemia Disease of Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus

Abstract

Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septicemia (BHS) was found affecting Cyprinus carpio and Channa striatus. Bacteriological examination and artificial infection trials were carried out on these fishes. Hematological examination showed substantial decline in the number of erythrocytes and lymphocytes, increase in the number of granulocytes and significant loss in the amount of hemoglobin. Histopathological examination suggested that the affected part of the skin had got completely destroyed. The peripheral area of the liver showed loosening of tissue and cell distension. There was complete shrinkage in all the components of kidney and glomeruli appeared smaller in size than healthy ones. Artificially infected specimens of C. carpio and C. striatus were treated with 20 ppm and 30 ppm chloramphenicol solution and oxytetracycline @ 50 and 60 mg/kg of feed for 20 and 30 days respectively. The results of this work indicated that Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens were the etiological agents for this disease. Investigation on the Bacterial Results and DiscussionBacterial hemorrhagic septicemia was found to affect C. carpio and C. striatus. The diseased specimens ranged between 16 -20cm in total length and 550-625g in weight in case of C. carpio and 13 -16cm in total length and 350-425g in case of weight in C. striatus. As observed in the present case, Kabata (1985) has also reported the occurrence of BHS in C. carpio in Indonesia and West Java. Kumar et al. [24] and Kumar and Dey [25] have reported that all the Asiatic major carps are prone to such infection, but silver carp and catla have been found to be relatively more susceptible.The diseased fish displayed abnormal behavior, swam slowly, remained lethargic, preferred to stay at the bottom of aquarium and refused to feed. They exhibited the symptoms such as the swollen vent filled with reddish fluid, descaling, swelling and softening of the spleen and kidney and the presence of thick yellowish fluid in the intestine. Skin lesions, with hemorrhages, reaching deep into the muscles, appeared on the general surface of the body (Figure 1). Similar symptoms of BHS have also been reported by [2,3,8,20,26,27].The bacteriological examination of the diseased fishes indicated that mainly two pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens have been associated with this disease. After 24-48 hours of incubation at 28 °C , numerous small colonies appeared which were subsequently isolated in pure form on TSA. A. hydrophila was gram-negative rod, motile, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive and glucose fermenting bacteria while Pseudomonas fluorescens was gram-negative rod, motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and glucose oxidizing bacteria. Other biochemical characteristics of these bacterial species are given in Table 1. The characteristics exhibited by these bacteria conform to those as given by [20,22,28].Experimental infection trials were carried out by keeping healthy specimens of C. carpio and C. striatus in water at 28°C inocula...

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The potential of bitter melon extract on cellular non-specific immunity of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) after Aeromonas salmonicida infection

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