A Review of Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antennas

Javanbakht, Nima; Syrett, Barry; Amaya, Rony E.; Shaker, J.

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3093775

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The beam is scanned from − 11 to 9° with peak gain of 20.4 ± 2.6 dBi at 10.1 GHz. For P = 8, the studied codes are (6, 2), (5,3), (4,4), (3,5) and (2,6) show scanning beams from 8 to 23°. For P = 9, the studied codes are (6,3), and (5,4).…”

Section: Reconfigurable Semi-circular Gratings Plasma Lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For P = 8, the studied codes are (6, 2), (5,3), (4,4), (3,5) and (2,6) show scanning beams from 8 to 23°. For P = 9, the studied codes are (6,3), and (5,4). The beam is scanned from 30 to 34° with high gain.…”

Section: Reconfigurable Semi-circular Gratings Plasma Lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antennas employed in MIMO systems are characterized by compact size, low cost and beam scanning capability [2]. In comparison with other solutions offering MIMO solutions [3,4], reconfigurable LWA elements provide electronically controllable backfire-to-endfire full-space scanning, in addition to beam shaping [5]. However, the mutual coupling is increased when numerous antennas are utilized in array structures, which degrades the array performance [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planar Reconfigurable Plasma Leaky-Wave Antenna with Electronic Beam-Scanning for MIMO Applications

Malhat

Elhenawy

Zainud-Deen

et al. 2022

Wireless Pers Commun

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A planar leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the reconfigurable conductivity of the plasma is designed for MIMO applications with electronic beam scanning capability. 112-semi-elliptical ionized plasma gratings are encased by plexiglass grating filled with a noble gas. These gratings are printed on a metal-backed dielectric substrate with total dimensions of $$ L\times {W}_{s}\times h=241\times 262.5\times 2.67\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$$ L × W s × h = 241 × 262.5 × 2.67 mm 3 . A coplanar fed printed Yagi-Uda like dipole antenna is integrated with the LWA to launch the required excitation waves. The radiated beam direction, gain, and the side lobe level are adjusted by controlling the periodicity of ionized/non-ionized plasma gratings. The antenna is compact in construction and has a high gain. A fan-shaped beam is obtained from the LWA semi-elliptical arrays with different aspect ratios. The effect of ON/OFF plasma periodicity configurations on the radiation characteristics at fixed frequency is investigated. At 10.1 GHz, the beam is electronically scanned from − 28 to 34° using different periodicities with high gain of 20 dBi and radiation efficiency of 74%. The mutual coupling between two LWA elements is investigated and is reduced to − 35 dB. Four LWA elements are arranged in MIMO structure for a high data rate application. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.0002 and diversity gain of 9.9998 dB are achieved.

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Section: Reconfigurable Semi-circular Gratings Plasma Lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconfigurable Semi-circular Gratings Plasma Lwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planar Reconfigurable Plasma Leaky-Wave Antenna with Electronic Beam-Scanning for MIMO Applications

Malhat

Elhenawy

Zainud-Deen

et al. 2022

Wireless Pers Commun

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“…Leaky wave antennas (LWAs) have also been explored for beam-steering at millimeter-waves for applications in 5G [21]. Several forms of LWAs have been discussed in the literature, most common being substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antennas [22]- [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Beam Steerable Slot Array Antenna Using an Inter-Digitated Capacitor Based Corrugated SIW

Bansal

Panagamuwa

Whittow

2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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A new class of electronically beam-steerable corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) slot array antenna operating at 26 -29 GHz has been developed. The conventional via based walls of SIWs or stub-based walls of CSIWs have been replaced with an inter-digitated capacitor (IDC) structure to enable reconfigurability. This novel IDC-CSIW is shown to have a lower transmission loss compared with conventional CSIWs in the literature. A new mathematical method has been described to calculate the cut-off frequency of CSIWs. The surface of the IDC-CSIW is then loaded with longitudinal slots, building a leaky-wave architecture. Radiation from individual slots is controlled by shorting the IDC at specific points using PIN diodes. The antenna is fed at either end using a singlepole-double-throw (SPDT) switch to achieve a 2D reconfigurable beam. A compact switched array of two IDC-CSIWs is demonstrated to produce a continuous full sector coverage of 120° in the azimuth plane, and ±15° in the elevation plane, providing a 2D beam-steer with a stable gain of ~13.5 dBi and an efficiency greater than 80%.

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“…This is especially important in the mmW regime, in which various DIL-LWAs have been proposed, and different techniques to circumvent common problems such as an open-stopband have been investigated in the past years [18]- [22]. Reconfigurable LWAs can be realized with various technologies, including LC [23]- [28]. However, many LC-LWAs are investigated solely in an analytical or simulative manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Leaky Wave Antenna at W-Band

et al. 2022

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This paper presents a reconfigurable dielectric image line leaky wave antenna at W-band. Reconfigurability is achieved by applying bias to anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) filled into the antenna. Instead of separating RF components and DC-bias network by complex or space consuming methods, the bias electrodes are simultaneously used as radiation elements. In order to evaluate this concept, a non-reconfigurable antenna with isolated unit cells is compared to a reconfigurable antenna, which has its unit cells connected by a metallic line. The non-reconfigurable demonstrator shows gain of up to 18 dBi and can scan through broadside from −30 • to +10 • in the investigated frequency range from 75 GHz to 102 GHz. This frequency scanning sector can be shifted by 10 • when utilizing the reconfigurable LC antenna, while gain of up to 15 dBi is maintained. Since the bias electrodes are directly mounted on the image line, less than 50 V is necessary to control the LC. The antenna is comparably easy to fabricate, and only one bias voltage is directly related to a steering angle, which can be advantageous compared to complex phased arrays with multiple LC phase shifters.INDEX TERMS Beam steering, dielectric image line, leaky wave antennas, liquid crystal, W-band.

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A Review of Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antennas

Cited by 21 publications

References 103 publications

Planar Reconfigurable Plasma Leaky-Wave Antenna with Electronic Beam-Scanning for MIMO Applications

Planar Reconfigurable Plasma Leaky-Wave Antenna with Electronic Beam-Scanning for MIMO Applications

Millimeter-Wave Beam Steerable Slot Array Antenna Using an Inter-Digitated Capacitor Based Corrugated SIW

Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Leaky Wave Antenna at W-Band

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