A planar leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the reconfigurable conductivity of the plasma is designed for MIMO applications with electronic beam scanning capability. 112-semi-elliptical ionized plasma gratings are encased by plexiglass grating filled with a noble gas. These gratings are printed on a metal-backed dielectric substrate with total dimensions of $$ L\times {W}_{s}\times h=241\times 262.5\times 2.67\, {\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$$
L
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W
s
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h
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241
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262.5
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2.67
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. A coplanar fed printed Yagi-Uda like dipole antenna is integrated with the LWA to launch the required excitation waves. The radiated beam direction, gain, and the side lobe level are adjusted by controlling the periodicity of ionized/non-ionized plasma gratings. The antenna is compact in construction and has a high gain. A fan-shaped beam is obtained from the LWA semi-elliptical arrays with different aspect ratios. The effect of ON/OFF plasma periodicity configurations on the radiation characteristics at fixed frequency is investigated. At 10.1 GHz, the beam is electronically scanned from − 28 to 34° using different periodicities with high gain of 20 dBi and radiation efficiency of 74%. The mutual coupling between two LWA elements is investigated and is reduced to − 35 dB. Four LWA elements are arranged in MIMO structure for a high data rate application. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.0002 and diversity gain of 9.9998 dB are achieved.
This paper introduces electronic-beam switching graphene-strips leaky-wave antenna (GS-LWA) for THz wireless communications with different feeding structures. The antenna is constructed from graphene-strips printed on silicon oxide substrate with total dimensions of 1350 × 300 × 35 μm 3 . The graphene tunable conductivity is used to control the GSLWA radiated beam direction without changing its physical structure. A scanning range of 94 (from −68 to 26 ) is achieved at 2 THz using different codes. The effect of different plane wave launchers on the radiation characteristics of GS-LWA is investigated. A planar substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna as a plane wave launcher is designed. It introduces a peak gain of 18.2 dBi with a bandwidth of 21.95% and SLL of 10.6 dB. End-fire radiation from parabolic reflector is employed to launch plane-wave in the GS-LWA. A matching BW of 0.82 THz is achieved with peak gain of 18 dBi. A coplanar fed Yagi-Uda like structure element is studied using a single element and two elements array. The two elements array provided the highest matching of −40 dB over BW of 6% and gain of 16.5 dBi. Finally, tapered microstrip line is investigated. It introduced the lowest SLL −16.1 dB with a gain of 17.5 dBi and BW of 39.57% (from 1.5 to 2.24 THz). The selection of proper feeding structure depends on the required matching BW, peak radiated gain, and the lowest SLL. Full-wave analysis of the GS-LWA launched by different feeding methods is introduced.
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