A review of low-level ionizing radiation and risk models of leukemia

Abstract

The relationship between exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (<100 mSv) and the risk of leukemia has perplexed researchers for decades. The recent accident in Fukushima, Japan has led to a renewed interest in better understanding this relationship, which has significant implications for government-outlined safety procedures for individuals working in occupations, such as the nuclear industry and radiology, as well as for emergency response polices on postnuclear events. Currently, the scientific community remains divided: one school of thought suggests a linear no-threshold model, while others favor a threshold-type response, and a few scientists support a hormesis response model; there is evidence in the literature to support each model. The main purpose of this article is to review and summarize the current state of knowledge and extant literature on the risk models, as well as the epidemiology of leukemia and its relationship to exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation.

Theoretical derivation and clinical dose-response quantification of a unified multi-activation (UMA) model of cell survival from a logistic equation

“…A unified model of CSCs over the entire dose range with a common mechanism is desired for clinical applications and theoretical extensions to very low and high doses that have perplexed us for a long time. 14,15 …”

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Granite Bearing Radioactive Minerals and Valuable Metals, Monqul Area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt

“…Low doses of radiation have been shown to improve human health by speeding up the DNA repair process, lowering genetic fragility, and improving overall immunological response [79,80]. It also helps treat inflammation of the lymph nodes, relieve arthritis, heal wounds, and treat infections [81].…”

Μελέτη Επίδρασης Της Ηλεκτρομαγνητικής Ακτινοβολίας Σε Πρότυπα Βιολογικά Συστήματα

“…Όμως, η ίδια ομάδα, το 2015, απέδειξε ότι σε όλες τις μεταλλάξεις που οδηγούν στη νόσο του Parkinson, μειώνεται κατά πολύ η αναλογία τετραμερών/μονομερή στους νευρώνες (Dettmer et al, 2015 K. 1942;Jacobs, 1998;Gulston et al, 2002;Georgakilas et al, 2004;Prasad et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2013). Το ορατό φως, οι ακτινοβολίες του UV, οι ακτίνες X και οι ακτίνες Gamma (γ) είναι ηλεκτρομαγνητικές ακτινοβολίες (EM radiations) που διαφέρουν ως προς την συχνότητα της κύμανσής τους και, κατά συνέπεια, ως προς την ενέργεια που μεταφέρουν (Kovács and Keresztes, 2002;Esnault et al, 2010).…”

“…Visible light, UV, LASER, X-rays and Gamma rays are EM radiations differing in frequency and, consequently, in energy (Kovács and Keresztes, 2002;Esnault et al, 2010;Abbas et al, 2017;Bibi et al, 2017). Ionizing radiation imposes living organisms to a series of alterations, usually leading to a biological injury (Sax, 1942;Jacobs, 1998;Gulston et al, 2002;Georgakilas et al, 2004;Prasad et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2013). For instance, UV radiation seems to affect plant life in spite of the fact that plants, having the ability to exploit sunlight, do have some means of protecting the living cells from the radiation-induced damages of DNA (Hollósy, 2002).…”