Recent advances in the synthesis and lithium storage properties of silicon oxide-based anode materials.

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Let {W i } i∈I be a (redundant) sequence of subspaces of a Hilbert space each being endowed with a weight v i , and let H be the closed linear span of the W i s, a composite Hilbert space. {(W i , v i )} i∈I is called a fusion frame provided it satisfies a certain property which controls the weighted overlaps of the subspaces. These systems contain conventional frames as a special case, however they reach far "beyond frame theory." In case each subspace W i is equipped with a spanning frame system {f ij } j ∈J i , we refer to {(W i , v i , {f ij } j ∈J i )} i∈I as a fusion frame system. The focus of this article is on computational issues of fusion frame reconstructions, unique properties of fusion frames important for applications with particular focus on those superior to conventional frames, and on centralized reconstruction versus distributed reconstructions and their numerical differences. The weighted and distributed processing technique described in this article is not only a natural fit to distributed processing systems such as sensor networks, but also an efficient scheme for parallel processing of very large frame systems. Another important component of this article is an extensive study of the robustness of fusion frame systems.

further development. [2] Hence, exploring novel approaches to achieve more efficient energy storage is highly demanded. Recently, aqueous batteries are attracting unprecedented attention particularly owing to their high safety, high ion conductivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. [3] To date, numerous aqueous batteries based on Li + , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and/or mixed metal ions as charge carriers have been reported, [4] which find potential applications in fields such as grid-scale energy storage, wearable devices, and etc. [5] Among them, as a promising candidate, the rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries (AZBs) including Zn-ion batteries (mild electrolyte), [6] Zn-Co/Ag/ Ni alkaline batteries [7] and Zn-air batteries in alkaline electrolyte [8] have been extensively studied due to their unparalleled advantages of Zn anode. In general, metal Zn has the features of high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g −1 ), high electrical conductivity, nontoxicity, easy processing, and suitable redox potential (−0.76 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). [9] However, most of AZBs reported so far have encountered the same challenges, which are the narrow voltage window, unsatisfactory capacity, and poor cycling performance. [10] For example, all Zn-ion batteries operated in mild electrolyte including Zn//V-based, Zn//Mn-based, and Zn//Prussian blue analogs-based hold a narrow voltage window of 0.3-1.6, 0.9-1.8, and 0.2-1.8 V, respectively. [11] Even though AZBs in alkaline electrolyte display a higher voltage than that achieved in mild medium, their voltage windows are still only about 1.2-1.9 V. [12] Meanwhile, the alkaline electrolytes show stronger corrosion than mild neutral electrolytes, which greatly limit their wide applications. Moreover, the unstable cycling performance in AZBs due to the Zn dendrites and side reaction on the surface of Zn anode is also unsatisfactory. [10] To date, the electrolyte optimization or structural design are the common ways to suppress the growth of Zn dendrite and improve the cycling stability. For example, Chen and co-workers reported that aqueous electrolyte Zn(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 can suppress the formation of detrimental dendrites in AZBs owing to the better reversibility and faster kinetics of Zn deposition/dissolution than that in ZnSO 4 electrolyte. [13] However, Zn(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 is too expensive (≈$ 8.1 g −1 , prices from Sigma-Aldrich) to be applied With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, rechargeable aqueous Zn-based batteries (AZBs) are receiving unprecedented attention due to their list of merits, such as low cost, high safety, and nontoxicity. However, the limited voltage window, Zn dendrites, and relatively low specific capacity are still great challenges. In this work, a new reaction mechanism of reversible Mn 2+ ion oxidation deposition is introduced to AZBs. The assembled Mn 2+ /Zn 2+ hybrid battery (Mn 2+ /Zn 2+ HB) based on a hybrid storage mechanism including Mn 2+ ion deposition, Zn 2+ ion insertion, and co...

A notion of pseudoframes for subspaces (PFFS) is defined and characterized in a separable Hilbert space H. PFFS functions in a manner of a frame for a subspace X in H.Yet none of the pair of sequences {x n } and {x * n } is necessarily contained in X . This gives rise to attractive properties that center around the flexibility. A necessary and sufficient characterization of PFFSs is provided. Analytical formulae for the constructions of PFFSs in two directions are derived. Examples are considered. Some insight relationships of an PFFS for X and a frame of X are also observed thanks to a private communication with Casazza. Further applications of PFFSs are also discussed.

Clonostachys rosea is a promising biocontrol fungus active against various plant fungal pathogens. In this study, the endochitinase-encoding gene Chi67-1, the expression of which is sharply upregulated in C. rosea 67-1 when induced by sclerotia, was transformed into the original isolate by protoplast transformation, and transformants were screened against Sclerotinia rot of soybean. The transformation efficiency was approximately 50 transformants per 1 × 107 protoplasts, and 68 stably heritable recombinants were assayed. The parasitic rates of 32.4% of the tested strains increased by more than 50% compared to 43.3% of the wild type strain in 16 h, and the Rc4-4 transformant showed a parasitic rate of 100% in 16 h. The control efficiencies of the selected efficient transformants to soybean Sclerotinia stem rot were evaluated in pots in the greenhouse, and the results revealed that Rc4-4 achieved the highest efficiency of 81.4%, which was 31.7% and 28.7% higher than the control achieved by the wide type and the pesticide carbendazim, respectively. Furthermore, the expression level of Chi67-1 was 107-fold higher in Rc4-4 than in the wild type, and accordingly, the chitinase activity of the recombinant increased by 140%. The results lay a foundation for the development of efficient genetically engineered strains of C. rosea.

With the increased use of cone beam CT (CBCT) for daily patient setup, the accumulated dose from CBCT may be significantly higher than that from simulation CT or portal imaging. The objective of this work is to measure the dose from daily pelvic scans with fixed technical settings and collimations. CBCT scans were acquired in half-fan mode using a half bowtie and x-rays were delivered in pulsed-fluoro mode. The skin doses for seven prostate patients were measured on an IRB-approved protocol. TLD capsules were placed on the patient's skin at the central axis of three beams: AP, left lateral (Lt Lat) and right lateral (Rt Lat). To avoid the ring artefacts centred in the prostate, the treatment couch was dropped 3 cm from the patient's tattoo (central axis). The measured AP skin doses ranged 3-6 cGy for 20-33 cm separation. The larger the patient size the less the AP skin dose. Lateral doses did not change much with patient size. The Lt Lat dose was approximately 4.0 cGy, which was approximately 40% higher than the Rt Lat dose of approximately 2.6 cGy. To verify this dose asymmetry, surface doses on an IMRT QA phantom (oval shaped, 30 cm x 20 cm) were measured at the same three sites using TLD capsules with 3 cm table-drop. The dose asymmetry was due to: (1) kV source rotation which always starts from the patient's Lt Lat and ends at Lt Lat. Gantry rotation gets much slower near the end of rotation but dose rate stays constant and (2) 370 degrees scan rotation (10 degrees scan overlap on the Lt Lat side). In vivo doses were measured inside a Rando pelvic heterogeneous phantom using TLDs. The left hip (femoral head and neck) received the highest doses of approximately 10-11 cGy while the right hip received approximately 6-7 cGy. The surface and in vivo doses were also measured for phantoms at the central-axis setup. The difference was less than approximately 12% to the table-drop setup.